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“Strnad” — 2015/10/30 — 12:13 — page 138 — #1

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O GIBALNI KOLI ˇCINI SVETLOBE V PROZORNEM SREDSTVU

JANEZ STRNAD Fakulteta za matematiko in fiziko

Univerza v Ljubljani

PACS: 41.20.Jb

Kaˇze, da so se pribliˇzali reˇsitvi veˇc kot sto let stare dileme o gibalni koliˇcini svetlobe v prozorni snovi, znane kot nasprotje Minkowskega in Abrahama. V mednarodnem letu svetlobe se zdi vredno poroˇcati o tem tudi zaradi novih merilnih naˇcinov.

THE MOMENTUM OF LIGHT IN A TRANSPARENT MEDIUM Apparently, the more as hundred years old dilemma of the momentum of light in a transparent medium, known as the Minkowski-Abraham controversy, is nearing its solu- tion. In the International year of light it seems appropriate to report on this also with respect to new measuring methods.

Gibalna koliˇcina svetlobe

James Clerk Maxwell je ˇze leta 1862 izpeljal zvezo:

G=W/c, g=G/V =|E~ ×H|/c~ 2 (1) med gibalno koliˇcino G, ki jo ima svetloba z energijo W, ˇce c zaznamuje hitrost svetlobe v praznem prostoru. Dodali smo ˇse zvezo za gostoto gibalne koliˇcine. Zveza velja v praznem prostoru. Leta 1908 je Hermann Minkowski napovedal, da je gibalna koliˇcina svetlobe v prozornem dielektriku z lomnim koliˇcnikomnveˇcja kot v praznem prostoru:

GM =nW/c, gM =GM/V =|D~ ×B|.~ (2) Dodali smo zvezo za gostoto gibalne koliˇcine. Leto pozneje je Max Abraham zatrdil, da je gibalna koliˇcina svetlobe v prozornem dielektriku manjˇsa kot v praznem prostoru:

GA=W/(nc), gA=GA/V =|E~ ×H|/c~ 2. (3) Tudi v tem primeru smo dodali zvezo za gostoto gibalne koliˇcine. Pri tem vzamemo, da lomni koliˇcnik ni odvisen od valovne dolˇzine, se pravi, da ne

138 Obzornik mat. fiz.62(2015) 4

Reference

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