DODATEK K DIPLOMSKEMU DELU
K diplomskemu delu prilagamo plakat, ki smo ga predstavili na 16. mednarodnem kongresu stonog (16. ICM), 22. 7. 2014, na Češkem. Plakat predstavlja rdečo nit diplomskega dela. Prikazan je seznam vrst strig, dendogram podobnosti združb strig ter grafa vrstnih sestav in gostot strig z različnih vzorčnih mest v okolici Padovega pri Osilnici. Več o tem si lahko preberete v diplomskem delu podpoglavjih 4.2.1 in 4.2.2 ter 5.1.4.
UDK 591.5:595.62(043.2)=163.6
INTRODUCTION
For area in southern Slovenia was known forest like a primary biome in Holocene. In this days we can here still find good retain remainder of this forest. Most of the forest was changed by humans use land for agriculture, mainly meadows and fields. Same of such agriculture land was abandoned in last few decades and forest regeneration is occurred. In temperate forest ecosystems represent centipede to 50% of predatory soil macrofauna (Albert, 1979). Changing developmental age and horizontal structure of the forest affect on conditions in the soil (temperature and humidity) (Grgič and Kos, 2005) and consequently on centipede communities. Different environmental conditions in the Dinaric beech-fir forest and different life strategies of centipedes allow coexistence up to 44 centipede species (Jerina et al., 2012).
Our purpose is to determine reconstruction of centipede communities when agricultural land use was abandoned.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five sites with different land use were located near village Padovo pri Osilnici in the ˝Upper Kolpa Valley˝, southern Slovenia. From each study patch (30x20m) were in April taken seven soil sampl units (diameter:
21 cm) using method of quadrat counts. Animals were extracted by modified Tullgren funnels. We also did the manual searching for animals under stones, etc. We did statistic analysis for method of quadrat counts (density, Shannon-Wiener index and Rekonnen index) (Krebs, 1989).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Using two sampling methods 291 centipedes were collected and have been classified in 36 species. Highest species diversity was 25 species in the beech forest. Species diversity at other sampling sites was much lower.
Species present in most locations were Crytops paris, Geophilus flavus, Strigamia transsilvanica, L. mutabilis, L.
pusillus pusillifrater and Lithobius (S.) carinthiacus, but with different density. Species with the highest density (182 ind./m2) was Lithobius (M.) aeruginosus found in beech forest. On extensive meadow only one species, L. mutabils was present. The highest estimated density of centipedes was 388 ind./m2 in the beech forest on schist claystone and sandstone, followed by thermophilic forest on limestone and dolomite with 239 ind./
m2 and overgrown lawn in the schist calystone and sandstone with 153 ind./m2. The Shannon- Wiener index (H’) value was between 1.6 and 2.2. The highest similarity determined by Rekonnen number was between the overgrown meadow and forest meadow (59.6%).
Centipede communities followed the forestation succession, reflected different biotic and abiotic conditions.
1
2
3
2
3
4
5
100% 2 3 4 5 1
60%
90%
50%
20%
80%
40%
10%
70%
30%
0%
CHANGES OF CENTIPEDE COMMUNITIES ON ABANDONED AGRICULTURE LAND IN »UPPER KOLPA VALLEY«
(OSILNICA, SLOVENIA)
Maja KASTELIC & Ivan KOS
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Dep. of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana
REFERENCES
- Albert, A.M., 1979. Chilopoda as a part of the Predatory Macroartropod Fauna in Forests: Abundance, Life-cycle, Biomass, and Metabolism. In: Camatini M., (ed.); Myriapod biology, 215–232.
- Grgič, T., Kos, I., 2005. Influence of forest development phase on centipede diversity in managed beech forest in Slovenia. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 1841 – 1862
- Jerina, K., Jurc, M., Mihelič, T., Kos, I., 2012. Bukovi gozdovi - habitati živalskih vrst. (Beech forest-habitats of animals). In: Bončina A. (ed.). Beech forests in Slovenia: Ecology and Management. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical fac., 167-189 - Krebs, C. J., 1989. Ecological methodology. New York, HarperCollinsPublishers: 654
Chart of centipede density on a sites with different land use collected with method of soil samples. 1- an extensive meadow, 2 - an overgrown meadow, 3 - a forest meadow, 4 - a beech–fir forest, 5 - a termophilic forest.
Dendogram of similarity between centipede communities at different shear of a land use collected by method of soil sampling. 1- an extensive meadow, 2 - an overgrown meadow, 3 - a forest meadow, 4 - a beech–fir forest, 5 - a termophilic forest.
A list of centipede species on a sites with different land use by method of soil sample (•) or hand collet- ing (). 1- an extensive meadow, 2 - an overgrown meadow, 3 - a forest meadow, 4 - a beech–fir forest, 5 - a termophilic forest.
Species
1 2 3 4 5
Eupolybothrus (E.) grossipes
Eupoly. (L.) tridentinus
Lithobius (L.) borealis
Lithobius (L.) castaneus
Lithobius (L.) dentatus
Lithobius (L.) forficatus
Lithobius (L.) lapidicola
Lithobius (L.) macilentus
Lithobius (L.) mutabilis
Lithobius (L.) nodulipes
L. pusillus pusillifrater
Lithobius (L.) pygmaeus
Lithobius (L.) tenebrosus
Lithobius (L.) validus
Lithobius (M.) aeruginosus
Lithobius (M.) n. sp.
Lithobius (S.) ˝anici˝
Lithobius (S). carinthiacus
Lithobius sp. (mac. & sub.)
Acanthogeophilus n. sp.
Clinopodes flavidus
Clinopodes polytrichus
Clinopodes carinthiacus
Dicellophilus carniolensis
Geophilus flavus
Geophilus insculptus
Schendyla carniolensis
Schendyla tyrolensis
Schendyla nemorensis
Strigamia acuminata
Strigamia crassipes
Strigamia transsilvanica
Stenotaenia linearis
Stenotaenia sorrentina
Crytops anomalans
Crytops parisi
Number of species
1 12 10 25 14
Lithobius (L.) castaneusLithobius (L.) dentatus Lithobius (L.) lapidicola Lithobius (L.) macilentusLithobius (L.) mutabilis Lithobius (L.) nodulipesL. pusillus pusillifrater
Lithobius (L.) pygmaeus
Lithobius (M.) n. sp.
Lithobius (M.) aeruginosus
Lithobius (S.) Ýanici
Lithobius (S.) carinthiacus Lithobius sp. (mac. & sub.)
Strigamia acuminataStrigamia crassipes
Strigamia transsilvanica Acanthogeophilus n. sp.
Clinopodes
À avidus
Clinopodes polytrichus Clinopodes carinthiacus Geophilus
À avus
Geophilus insculptus Stenotaenia linearis
Stenotaenia sorrentina
Dicellophilus carniolensis Schendyla carniolensis Schendyla tyrolensis
Schendyla nemorensis
Crytops parisi
12,37
4,12
12,37
4,12 4,12 4,12 4,12
12,37 10,00
20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00
,
4,12
12,37
4,12 4,12 4,12 4,12
12,37
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37,12
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00
4,12 4,12 4,12
0,00 10,00
28,87 30 00
40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00
12,37
4,12 4,12 4,12
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8,25
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00
16,50
4,12
41,25
4,12 4,12 4,12
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00
8,25
4,12
16,50
4,12 4,12
16,50
33,00
10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00
8,25
4,12 4,12 4,12
0,00 10,00 50,00 60,00 70,00
12,37
4,12
8,25 8,25 8,25
16,50
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00
40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00
4,12 4,12 8,25 8,25
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 70 00
4,12 0,00
10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00
181,48
130,00 140,00 150,00 160,00 170,00 180,00 190,00 200,00 210,00 220,00 230,00 240,00 250,00
4,12 4,12 4,12
57,74
0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00
0,00 90,00 100,00
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