A B S T R A C T S
V e s n a L e s k o š e k
COMMERCE WITH BODIES AND SOULS OF WOMEN IN SLOVENIA U N T I L T H E END OF 1 9 T H CENTURY Dr. Vesna Leskošek is a lecturer at University of Ljubljana School of Social Work and a researcher at the Peace Institute, Ljubljana.
W e s t e r n r e s e a r c h e r s of g e n d e r have p u t f o r w a r d t h e p r o p o s i t i o n t h a t w o m e n u s e d to b e t r e a t e d in history only as b o d i e s t h a t serve the c o u n t r y (by delivering children) a n d t h e m a s t e r (as wives a n d h o u s e l a b o u r e r s ) . R e s e a r c h e r s in Slovenia, t o o , f o u n d ideologies a n d practices of r e d u c i n g w o m e n to their b o d i e s ; the earliest r e c o r d s of c o m m e r c e with w o m e n d a t e to the first c e n t u r i e s A D . First, it w a s c o m m e r c e w i t h slaves, later w i t h b r i d e s , b u t all the time they have b e e n u s e d for ' w h i t e slavery' w h i c h is still o n e of t h e m a i n c o n c e r n s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n s . W o m e n have b e e n p u n i s h e d m o r e severely t h a n m e n , b e c a u s e their acts w e r e a d o u b l e sin. Beside w r i t t e n laws they also b r o k e unwrit
ten o n e s - by e n t e r i n g t h e p u b l i c d o m a i n they c h a n g e d the role p r e s c r i b e d for t h e m , so they h a d to pay d o u b l e . T h e i r p u n i s h m e n t in c o u n t e r - r e f o r m a t i o n a s s a u k s w a s w o r s e t h a n m e n ' s , witches w e r e massively m u r d e r e d a n d b u r n e d , illegitimate m o t h e r s m o c k e d , p e r s e c u t e d a n d s t o n e d - a n d this m a s s m u r d e r w a s h e a d e d by t h e Catholic C h u r c h t h a t w a s also the highest m o r a l a u t h o r i t y in deter
m i n i n g a n d d e m a n d i n g w o m a n h o o d .
Keywords: w o m e n ' s history, rituals, p u n i s h m e n t .
Gorazd M e š k o
SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION - A VISION OR UTOPIA?
Dr. Gorazd Meško is a lecturer of criminology and Vice Dean at the University of Maribor Faculty of Police and Security and an associate of the Institute of Criminology at the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Law.
T h e a u t h o r follows the a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e only a p p r o p r i a t e c r i m e p r e v e n t i o n is social p r e v e n t i o n , c o m p r i s e d of efforts for t h e r e d u c t i o n of crucial social p r o b l e m s s u c h as inequality, low level of e d u c a t i o n , u n e m p l o y m e n t , e c o n o m i c a l d e p r i v a t i o n , etc. Social p r e v e n t i o n is a long-term strategy w h i c h , c o m p a r e d to t h e situational crime p r e v e n t i o n t h a t focuses o n situations a n d t a r g e t h a r d e n i n g , pays m o r e ' a t t e n t i o n ' to t h e r e s p e c t of h u m a n dignity a n d h u m a n rights. In a d d i t i o n , social (crime) p r e v e n t i o n is c h a r a c t e r i s e d by social s u p p o r t for a growing social u n d e r c l a s s w h i c h is b e c o m i n g m o r e a n d m o r e a p r o p e r t y of formal social c o n t r o l institutions.
Keywords: c a u s e s of c r i m e , h u m a n rights, police w o r k , politics.
Ž a r k o T e p a v č e v i ć
MARRIAGE AND SEXUALITY IN THE CATHOLIC DOCTRINE
Social worker Žarko Tepavčević, MA, is senior councellor on family at the Centre of social work Ljubljana - Šiška.
R o m a n Catholic C h u r c h h a s h a d a great i m p a c t o n the way of life in C a t h o l i c societies. It h a s always interfered w i t h the r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e sexes. Its t e a c h i n g s have u n d e r l a i n sexual inequality a n d t h e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n of w o m e n . Still it d o e s n ' t distinguish b e t w e e n m a r r i a g e a n d family. T h e Catholic doc
trine c o n s i d e r s m a r r i a g e holly matrimony. By m a r r i a g e in c h u r c h a hfelong, non-divorceable u n i o n of s p o u s e s is established. For R C C a sexual i n t e r c o u r s e is p e r m i s s i b l e only w h e n it aims at c o n c e p t i o n , or as a fulfilment of t h e conjugal duty. A b o r t i o n a n d all c o n t r a c e p t i o n (except n a t u r a l ) are refused.
Artificial i n s e m i n a t i o n is likewise objected, b e c a u s e it d o e s n ' t c o r r e s p o n d w i t h the regular form of
3 9 i ;
C O N G R E S S O F S O C I A L W O R K , 2 0 0 2
F r a n č i š k a Premzel
ARRANGING CONTACTS BETWEEN THE VIOLENT FATHER AND THE CHILD FROM THE VICTIM'S PERSPECTIVE
Frančiška Premzel is a social worker, working at the Safe House of the Centre of Social Work Maribor.
T h e c o n t r i b u t i o n , b a s e d on the a u t h o r ' s professional e x p e r i e n c e , e m p h a s i z e t h e significance of t h e child's p e r s p e c t i v e in t h e a r r a n g e m e n t s of his or h e r c o n t a c t s with the father in a n e n v i r o n m e n t of violence. S h e a r g u e s t h a t the d o m i n a n t conviction t h a t t h e child is uninvolved, d o e s not fear t h e father, a n d w a n t s the c o n t a c t s is w r o n g . T h e father's 'wish for the child' is often a m a n i p u l a t i o n a n d a w a y of c o n t a c t i n g the p a r t n e r w h o w i t h d r e w from the situation of violence. T h e child is o v e r c o m e w i t h feelings of d i s t r u s t , fear a n d helplessness, w h i c h p r e v e n t him or her from s p e a k i n g a b o u t w h a t for so long e v e n adults avoided to m e n t i o n .
Keywords: fear, helplessness, feelings of guilt, distrust.
RELATING, LISTENING, RECORDING AND CHANGING STORIES
Lea Š u g m a n Bohinc
STORYTELLING IN SOCIAL COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Dr Lea Šugman Bohinc is an assistant lecturer at University of Ljubljana School of Social Work.
T h o u g h F r e u d h a d originally defined t h e r a p y as c o n v e r s a t i o n , with the d e v e l o p m e n t of later t h e o r i e s of p s y c h o t h e r a p y this u n d e r s t a n d i n g s a n k into non-reflected self-evidence. Only the counselling a n d t h e r a p e u t i c directions of p o s t m o d e r n o r i e n t a t i o n have p l a c e d the reflection of social counseUing a n d p s y c h o t h e r a p y as c o n v e r s a t i o n of mutually o b s e r v i n g a n d story co-creating s p e a k e r s i n t o t h e focus of its c o n c e p t u a l a n d m e t h o d o l o g i c a l frame. T h u s in narratively c o n c e p t u a h s e d social counseUing a n d p s y c h o t h e r a p y w e s p e a k of h s t e n i n g to stories instead of just hstening, as w e u n d e r s t a n d a story as a unit of m e a n i n g t h a t frames o u r e x p e r i e n c e a n d t h r o u g h w h i c h w e i n t e r p r e t this e x p e r i e n c e . Differ
ent a u t h o r s tell different stories a b o u t telling stories in social counselling a n d p s y c h o t h e r a p y a n d they use v o c a b u l a r i e s that differ as r e g a r d s f u n d a m e n t a l epistemological a s s u m p t i o n s of the o b s e r v e r ' s s e p a r a t i o n from, or his inclusion in, the system u n d e r his or h e r o b s e r v a t i o n . T h e v o c a b u l a r y of p o s t m o d e r n , h e r m e n e u t i c directions from the e n d of the t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y is a d i c t i o n a r y of clients' stories s h a r e d in c o n v e r s a t i o n s w i t h counsellors or t h e r a p i s t s a n d unfolding in the d i r e c t i o n of t h e d e s i r e d p r o b l e m solution a n d of co-creating n e w analogies a n d m e t a p h o r s , t h a t is, in t h e d i r e c t i o n of a new, m o r e satisfactory joint s t o r y of t h e counsellor or t h e r a p i s t a n d the client.
Keywords: co-creation, p o s t m o d e r n i s m , h e r m e n e u t i c epistemology.
p r o c r e a t i v e sexual i n t e r c o u r s e . R C C ' s t e a c h i n g is t h a t g o d gives a n d t a k e s life, so t h a t any i n t e r v e n tion in this a r e a by p e o p l e is inadmissible a n d i m m o r a l .
Keywords: family identity, c o n t r a c e p t i o n , a b o r t i o n , artificial i n s e m i n a t i o n .
