Kar nekaj ugotovitvam te študije bi veljalo nameniti še več pozornosti. Še zlasti etnografske kvalitativne študije bi utegnile biti v pomoč pri ugotavljanju, kako oblikovanje šolske politike za zaščito žrtev medvrstniškega nasilja ter učiteljsko zaznavanje takih politik in odzivi nanje medsebojno vplivajo drug na drugega.
S tovrstnimi kvalitativnimi raziskavami bi lahko proučevali tudi to, kako dijaki zaznavajo odzive učiteljev na oblikovanje politik za preprečevanje medvrstniškega nasilja. Molly Mulcahy, Sarah Dalton, Jered Kolbert in Laura Crothers (2016) so ugo-tovili, da bodo LGBT-dijaki, ki si med učitelji iščejo neformalne mentorje/zaveznike, pozorni na komaj zaznavne znake prepričanj, ki jih učitelji gojijo glede vprašanj spola in religije, in da bodo na njihovi podlagi ocenjevali morebitna prepričanja učiteljev glede razlik v spolni usmerjenosti. Prav tako je mogoče, da bodo dijaki, ki na splošno ne podpirajo politik ali programov, ki naj bi zagotovili zaščito tradici-onalno zatiranim skupinam, iskali prikrito podporo pri učiteljih, ki imajo podobna prepričanja kot oni.
Sklep
Če pedagogi in šolsko osebje niso ustrezno usposobljeni za to, da postanejo zavezniki LGBTQ-dijakom, niso pripravljeni na odzivanje na njihove potrebe. Z nezadostnim odzivom pa bodo verjetno implicitno sporočali, da se strinjajo z nadlegovanjem mladih LGBTQ-oseb, in pripomogli k okolju, ki za take dijake ne bo varno. Za LGBTQ-dijake je prisotnost razumevajočih odraslih pomembna, saj lahko pripomore k oblikovanju prijaznega in varnega okolja, v katerem se lahko LGBTQ-dijaki učijo, dosegajo uspehe in se razvijajo. Ta študija pomeni prispevek k razumevanju spremenljivk, ki se nanašajo na odzive učiteljev na medvrstniško nasilje nad mladimi LGBTQ-osebami, to pa lahko pomaga pojasniti tudi pogost-nost nasilja nad temi dijaki.
Prevod: Marjana Karer
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Jasna Magić
Odzivi izobraževalnega sektorja na nasilje in diskriminacijo na podla-gi spolne usmerjenosti in identitete/izraza
Nasilje na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti in identitete oz. izraza je oblika spolnega nasilja, ki priza-dene tiste, ki so ali pa jih družba dojema, kot da so lezbijke, geji, biseksualne ali transseksualne osebe. V zadnjem desetletju sta se ta oblika nasilja in njen vpliv začela tudi v Evropi pripoznavati kot pomemben pojav v izobraževalnem sektorju. Številne države so se, da bi opozorile na diskrimi-nacijo in zlorabe, usmerjene na spolne manjšine v šolah, odzvale z različnimi ukrepi, predvsem na ravni šolskih politik. Da bi dobili vpogled v to dogajanje ter oblikovali podlago za oceno prihodnjih trendov, je Svet Evrope naročil celostno raziskavo o tem, kako izobraževalni sistemi ustvarjajo varno okolje za učečo se LGBT-populacijo. Izhajajoč iz ključnih ugotovitev te študije so v članku predsta-vljeni podatki o naravi in vplivu nasilja na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti in identitete oz. izraza. Bralec se seznani z ukrepi držav članic EU na področju varnosti šolajočih se lezbijk, gejev, biseksualnih in transseksualnih oseb, tako na nacionalni ravni kot na ravni posameznih šol, tematiziramo pa tudi pozitivne učinke inkluzivnih šolskih politik.
Ključne besede: LGBT-mladina, varne šole, šolsko nasilje, inkluzivne politike
Jasna Magić, dr., je raziskovalka in svetovalka z več kot petnajstletnimi izkušnjami v kvalitativnem raziskovanju, oblikovanju anket, analizi, evalvaciji in svetovanju deležnikom na področju zločinov, storjenih iz sovraštva, ter intimnega nasilja nad populacijo LGBT. Trenutno živi in dela v Združenem kraljestvu, kjer raziskuje predvsem intimno nasilje in sodeluje pri razvoju politik na tem področju.
(jasnamagich@gmail.com)
Abstract
Violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression is a form of gender-based violence that targets those who are, or are perceived to be, lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgen-der. In the last decade, education sectors in Europe have started to increasingly acknowledge and recognise this form of violence and its impact in schools. Furthermore, a number of states have developed a range of responses, predominantly on the level of policy, to address discrimination and abuse targeting sexual and gender minorities in schools. To review the situation in Europe and to produce a baseline for assessing future trends, the Council of Europe commissioned a compre-hensive study examining how education systems work to create safe learning environments for LGBT students. Drawing on the key findings of the aforementioned study, the article outlines data on the nature and impact of violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression, advances knowledge on how the member states address the safety of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students in national and school-level policies and discusses positive outcomes of an inclusive school policy.
Keywords: LGBT youth, safe schools, school violence, inclusive policy
Jasna Magić, PhD, is a research consultant with over 15 years’ experience in qualitative research, survey design, analysis, evaluation and stakeholder consultations in the area of anti-LGBT+ hate crime and domestic abuse. She lives and works in the United Kingdom and specialises in LGBT domestic abuse research and policy development. (jasnamagich@gmail.com)