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R R O O M M A A N N A A B B E E Š Š TT E E R R D

D R R žž A A V V LL JJ A A N N S S K K II II N N E E TT N N II Č Č N N II N N A A C C II O O N N A A LL II Z Z E E M M V V O

O D D N N O O S S U U D D O O E E TT N N II Č Č N N II H H M M A A N N JJ Š Š II N N

CIVIC AND ETHNIC NATIONALISM IN RELATION TO ETHNIC MINORITIES

The article presents a study of two different theoretical models of nationalism – ethnic and civic – as well as the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the individual mod- els (above all in relation to ethnic minorities).

Civic nationalism is essentially linked with the state and tends towards the shaping of a uni- fied, culturally homogeneous group within the existing specific political boundaries. All cit- izens are at the same time members of the same (political) nation, having equal rights and enjoying equality before the law. Ethnic adherence is not predetermined but is a matter of choice. In ethnic nationalism, however, appurtenance to a nation is inherited and not cho- sen. Relatedness among members of an ethnic nation is based upon blood ties, upon com- mon origin and specific ethnic characteristics, all of which can practically not be obtained otherwise but by being born into a community.

Theoretical definitions of ethnic and civic nationalism are illustrated by practical examples – the model of ethnic nationalism is presented on the case of Germany, the model of civic nationalism on that of France.

Keywords: civic nationalism, ethnic nationalism, theories

Članek predstavlja študijo dveh različnih teoretičnih modelov nacionalizma - etničnega in državljanskega - ter analizo prednosti in slabosti posameznega modela (predvsem) v odno- su do etničnih manjšin.

Državljanski nacionalizem je bistveno povezan z državo in teži k oblikovanju enotne, kul- turno homogene skupine znotraj že obstoječih specifičnih političnih mej. Vsi državljani so hkrati tudi pripadniki iste (politične) nacije, imajo enake pravice in so enaki pred zakonom. Nacionalna pripadnost ni v naprej določena, temveč je stvar izbire. V etničnem nacionalizmu pa je pripadnost naciji (narodu) podedovana in ne izbrana. Povezanost med člani etnične nacije temelji na krvnih vezeh, na skupnem izvoru in posebnih etničnih značilnostih, česar praktično ni mogoče pridobiti drugače kot z rojstvom v skupnosti.

Teoretične opredelitve etničnega in državljanskega nacionalizma so v članku dopolnjene s primeri iz prakse - model etničnega nacionalizma je prikazan na primeru Nemčije, model državljanskega nacionalizma pa na primeru Francije.

Ključne besede: državljanski nacionalizem, etnični nacionalizem, teorije

Reference

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