STUDIA MYTHOLOGICA SLAVICAI•1998, 3 0 7-3 1 6 The article deals with the genesis of the main antihero of Gogol’s stories - “Vij”, comparing
it with mythical figures in Ukranian folk tradition.
p&() 1&+"0, *-#,,%' ,&O,%0 0 1*" .N.y)- “N”, 0[, &#O"c , O*" ")&. p 1"&* ,- 1&+"0 ^[", *&
— *1& 00 "&(&,0 1"&,[", O*s"0 ,#*," 1*". N1& *-#
^[" ))"* 1*" &1&&,",,%0 0*0 (&,' +%$" + (0"&s" *"Oc0" 1&(+", 1([*s"0 1&$, "" 0"& 1&*"Os"0 & ,$
"" )&+ (X&,", 01, 307), 0[, $c O*, &"s",,%0 (0. '- +%:
W(0e* 1892:472-479, Y"&* 1937: 742,778) — ,*,%" &((&,%" v"0",%
1*" y)- 1,c^ 1*&-^ ^[",(^ ,*( *"*(^a' (&,' ^[,&(' +%$", *#,s', $"*O,, 1O *-,"0 (&, &Oe.
"&"s",, "- 1&+"0 )","# N- "&(&,) 1"&,[, O, "O* ," "O,*",,%0 $,0 *#,,*",- v 1&+"0% 0[,
$c (*"&[O"," 0) .N. y)- 0, $ “N — "c c," #O,"
1&,&O,) *+&[",-” $ “0 0","0 ,#%*"- ( 0&-, ,$c, ),0*, ( &) *" , )#' O( O 0 #"0”. Y N- * ,&O, (c(&" *"O(- ,e 1&s) *" — #*",, $ * 1&)&00( 1 +&( *"O", * + ,&O,%' ("*"&, *",,(^ * 1884 ). , VI X&'")$"0 "#O" * O"", +% *^$", *1& N", *s- +"#
*" (b&O*$ 1896: 48).
Yc( 1O*"&),(c 0,",^ * y)- O ' 1& ," &"s- ,, 0P)$" 1"&,[ 0 0","0 0 1&#,0 * (&, 0P)$" "0" ," +,&([",, ( "O*"" *- O, 1(c —
“1"&"&%c” *^ (&,(^ 0P)^ * 1' 1"&,[", '- +% 1 O"c,%0 1&#,0 *"*(^a' N^. Yv0( *" 11% (,*c *-#c N- 1"&,[0 (&, O"0,) &c 1 O,0( 1&,e1(: +&- O,
# 0** ))"*) 1,- N- ,"0( 1O%*c *"*- * ,&O, (c(&", $ ," c *-, (&., ,1&0"&, )1"#( N..X+"*
&O*" ))"*) 1"&,[ ",0 +)0 0"& Vayu; X+"* 1958:303.
,"&",, #, c 0 y)c (a"**, v) ",) O"0,?)
L # "
# J# #
"
1& . K&!&!.
1 This article was financially supported by RGNF (grant N 96-04-06034 “Mifologičeskie osnovy slavjanskoj narodnoj kul’tury”).
&Oe- $c N- 1"&,["0 % *-, 0P) ,c c,, $ c- ,"0 11 * 1"O,"" #O," bP)$") *&- (bP)$" 1991: 123).
b% 'O0 # ), $ 0P)$" 1"&,[ * ,&O, &Oe 1&"O*-" + 1($ ($*%', &""*,,%' 1&#,*, &"1",,%' 0","0.
$"*O,, $ 1&#,c N- #O,"0 (&,) “,&O,) *+&[",-” 0[, c * 0 ($", " * (&, &Oe +(O" +,&([", 1"&,[ ,+&0
"' [", $ ( N- 1&#,* '- +% +cs" ' $. Y"&,[ ))"*
1*" 1&#"0%, 1%; [%0, &"1" &, &(0 ,)0;
*"c * $"&, #"0"; [""#,%0 1ce0 e0; 1O#"0,%0 )0; O,,%0
*"0, 1(a",,%0 O #"0. o) 1-*"," 1&"O*&-"- *$c0 *"0. ,*,- P(,e- - ,"+%$,- 1+,c *O"c, 1&"O"*- *#)-O0 1"ec,%"
1&1"$"" 1&")&O%, ,"O(1,%" #&",^ +%$,%' O"0,*.
!cs,* # (#,,%' 1&#,* * O"c, *&"$"- ( 0%'
&#,%' *-,' 1"&,[". Y&#"0c, 0",c & — $"c,-
$"& 0,)', 1&"0(a"*",, #1O,*-,' 0P)$"' (a"* (&.
1. krasnoludki, *e. pikuliki O&.). W), 1*"&c-0, 0",c0 &0 ["
0)( +Oc " &(" 1"&,[, : % !, , $& — O"0,%, 1&'O-a" # #O(s",,%' 0"&-0 O"" *%O%s", -/, ["
1c topielec, 1" !%., $"s" 1c" 1"&,[ diblik, skřitek 1O., #1O,-(&, ?!& , %!& O&. O0s," O('-+)", (&," 1O#"0,%" ^O ? /, [" 0P)$"" (a"* * *O"
,$,%' ),c*, 1&'O-a" # O(s #)(+",,%' 0"&-0 0O",e"*: $"s"
svetlonoši, 1c" błędne ogniki O&.
x""#,%" $ " — $"& O$, '&"&,- O- *-,' O"0,*:
[""#,%" &(, ), *)O0 1*"&c-0, ( ("",, I: 263), [""#,%" 1ce% , &(' - ( #1O,(&,) $& (y,^ 1912: 5), [""#,%0
#(+0 +O^ "*"&,&(" -/, $& && '&&""/ - O(,,
*^a 1 ,$0 # 0)%, "&+" !/ %'/. W&. O, # "&+' ,#*, &,O[( gvozdenzub (Moszyński, II:671). W&"O 1"&,[", &%0 1() O"", #*",%: '&&"/ $!& (Y"c"), '&&"/ " - [","
0P)$"" (a"*, [*(a"" * 1" (YO-sc"), železna bába — $"s 1"* O"0,, +"&")^a )&' O"", "" (Y"c"), '}6"
(#1O,- w&,), % " %"&"/ (0 ["). x""#,%0 0)( +%c 1"&,[ *-,. #: Mesiželezo — #$,% $, &% 0" [""#
(e"*, 1975: 18), $"s" *e" '&&"/ ?, &%!&%@ '&&"
-&@, '&&"/ ! (&. $"s. 1*e(: “Baje jako o želaznem wilku”). x""#- ,%0 )&(O-0, ), 1" &Oe, +O^ &(. O,, - O"c, [""#," e, &%0 ,O" y)c N-, 1 &," 0"&" * *$,-
*-,' &Oe-' ,0 ," #*",.
%1,,c #"0" — 1&#,, (#%*^a , #)&+," 1&'[O","
1"&,[ ($ 1&*"O* 0"$c * 0,)' "O*,-'), * ,&O, (&, &Oe * 1&-00 *O" ," 0"$",. O"c *#0[,% ,"&%"
*",,%" ,) ^[,*-,0 +� *01&, , *&-O y)c '&s +% #,0 ^[,*-, &Oe". b[, 1&"O1[c, $ v O"c +%
1&O(0, 00 y)"0, *"&s",, ,"""*",," O- *-,
,&O, 0P) $"," * O,0 1"&,[" [""# #"0. 0"0, $ y)c ,"c 1&*&"$ 0 "+", )O ,$ )*& #%1,,%' #"0"
&(' ,)' N-, 1#[" (10," ") [""#,% 1"e.
V "- *$c") *-, 1&*[O^a") 1-*"," 1"&,[, 1&-0%' 1&"" * ,&O, &Oe ,0 +,&([c ," (Oc, O,, ), O&"*,"&(0 "1-0, - +",,c 1&1%*c 1*e0. N $,,
* 1c"* ]*&",c"* "1-' )*&- 1*"e0 '," !,-",
&% 1&s" , 10ac _*O( N%,0( )e0 ,-#c-0 * ' +&c+"
1&* ()&*: “ ** !,- cf' &, 1$ *% *$c *%-
"0( *, 1$s 0,# *e *%, !,- [" 1&if' 1*fO _*%O*, - 1+fO ,% "c , w)&%” (e. 1: p(#0$"* 1887/8: 677-678).
!"" 1O&+,) &0&",- #([*" *1& )#' N- P(,e
") #&",-, ,"O,&, #&)**s- * ,($, "&(&" (&^ *1&
$"&1%*^a 1"&"$",c ,O"*&1"' 1"&,[", +O^a' 1)"
#&",-, 0. *: *,*, 1973). N 1*" y)- r0 !&( &([", 0)$"0 &()0, O"^a0 ") ," c ,"O-)"0%0 O- ,"$ %, , ,"*O0%0. z 1,c^ *"*(" +a"*-,0, * 0 $" (&,0 *"&*,-0 * , $ 1&1"$" &() 1&"O*-" O- ,"$ % $- 1 ,"1&,e"0 ",% s" "" *#0[, *O"c $"*". W), "(
1*", N ,([", ," O- ), $+% (+c r0( ( v0 0) +% 1&*c- 0 1,,$, " +% #,, )O" ,), ^$"c, O- ), $+% ") (*O"c.
0"0, $ r0 (0&" ," *#)-O N-, +*",,) &': “!"#O%',,%
)&-,(- , , #"0^, ( [" *%"" O(' # ,") &'” (y)c 1959: 193).
p, y)c e",&(" v( 0%c, *O%*- "" * ( +"&- y&+e- -
*&a r0% 1 +(&": “X - #,^, 1$"0( 1&1 ,: ), $ 1+--. X "
+% ," +--, +% *"Oc0 ,$") ," 0) ,0 O"c” (y)c 1959: 194). N#)-O N- ," 0"&,",, *"*O-a, ") )*,- P(,e- — *O"c , $ ," 1O*, O&()0 O"0,0.
N (&,' +%$' ,)$,%0 ^["0 v( P(,e^ *%1,-^
&#,%" 1"&,[, ,$"0 ," ,10,^a" N-: "*- *"Oc0, 0- &-
*"Oc0, &s $"& 1O., * *"*(^a' ^[,&(' "', #*",%' , (&,-&(0 1)&,$c", * v0 $"*" 0)( *%(1c &*- *"Oc0 0O","e '*0 — ), ,&O,%0 *"&*,-0, '*0 &[O^-
*"Oc0% O(,%. +%$, +%$ ," O"&[ (#, , ' *,"s, *O, , * v0 ," + ,([O% — v *") &O 1"&,[-”s"”, $" + +"#
,10,, '&s #*"", *"0 ,"-0 O,, &Oe. w10,"- c ' P(,e-, +a- O- v' 1"&,[" - *O"c ,"*O0": “_* (,) 1,,$ - .K.) s&, s& — ,"0. *"Oc0. (^c — ," ,O(c.
Y # "* — “, , 1&%*$( *1 %O%c” (Y*- )(+., b&O*$ 1896: 46).
1,- * &Oe,,%' "' O&()' 1&"O*"" ,"$ %, 10)^a' 0"&* *"Oc0" 1)(+c )*,) )"&-, "&"1,% 1,c^
*"*(^ &Oe,,%0 s+,0 + *-,' 0P)$"' 1"&,[": *"Oc0% +&$*^- “+"%0 ý$0” (W(0- )(+., y&,$", I:
69), *,c" & ((c- )(+., p$, 1899: 41), $"& -*-"- * +"
“&,) 0,O&” (r&c*- )(+., y&,$", II: 325-326), 0"&*%", &%0
0,O(" (0"&s- *"Oc0, "O( “, %*%' ,-'” (Y*- )(+., b&O*$
1896: 47) 1O. .. * ,&O,%' +%$' &c N- *%1,-^ O$,
&1&&,",,%" * *$,*-, 0P) 1"&,[, &%" * +cs,*" ($"* ,O"",% +a" ,0 P(,e", , *,"s, + &%', (O- 1 &Oe,,%0 1,-0, O[" O",, ," ,10," N-.
N 1*" y)- O"0,$"" *"&'*O"," N- 1&-[", '&"&
") ,"+%$,%' )#, #&%%' O,,%0 &",e0, &%" , ," 0[" 1O,-c +"# 1&,," 10a (&. * *-# v0 v0)^ *, *-#,,(^ (&. !i.
“&",e”, 1&"O[",,(^ ..&(+$"*%0, 0.: &(+$"* 1965:42-43). W), ,+^O",-0 bs,c) (Moszyński II 2:606-608), O,,%" O , +&* - 1&#,
*"Oc0% O(,, 0&%/#0&% ("&+., '&*., $"s., ([., #1. Ycs), ["
*(&O (YOc"); ( &(' )# 0 +&*-0 ,#%* “*$c0”
(XP,c"* I:171-173). W&"O #*",%' ,0 0"&* 1"&,[ 1O+,
“1)"” )# (, ," *#)-O!) *&"$^- * &"' &(' $,' (XP,c"*,
№ 137, 233, "",,, № 100), * O,0 +"&(0 (h0,* 1887: 259), * "0 (&,' (b",O"c, 1897: 1, p(#0$"* 1887: 224-226, x"+&* 1851:
68, N)"*$ 1843: 163, h.].. 1891:302) * O,0 &(0%,0 $,"
(p(#0$" 1887: 242). N *"' 1"&"$",,%' "' $"," O*(' 0**
()#, #&%*"0%' O,,%0 &",e0, &%" 1O,0^ 10a,,
*#)-O, 1+,) *O"c ,"*O0" O&()0) *&"$"- *") O* &#. N
*%, #"-")",O" -&%! .& — v )"& "O,*",,% # *"' [",'* e&"*,% "& * &s,0 #*"&" *sc, &(^ e&"*, *%&0 O
�"&* +,: “,"e 1-*- s"(O*% !(,-, O*," #O,", &) )# 0" " *", $ O*" $"*" 1O,0 ' *0, " , '" $- ,+(Oc *O"c, )O , *" *^O( *O" , 0c. Y&s"Os e&e" o","
1&#* 1O,-c "+" *" *0, *#)-,( , , #*"&- * "-,, +,"
#: “N O*! _ v [ *sc!” (p(#0$"* 1887: 224-226). N &(0%,
#" ,"*%1,0 #O$" "e e&"*,% 1O%0" "+" )# %-0, $+%
"" [",', 1&-*s")- ( ,") * +&O" (p(#0$"* 1887: 242).
N c,%' ($-' 0* O,,%' *", 1O,0"0%' *0, $""- O&()0 1 P(,e *#)-O0. N 1- "' )"&, +O^a" 1O+,%0 *"0, 1&- &([^a' 1O,-c 0 ', $+% 1& 10&"c, (*O"c , $ *O-
*". *"O( "+- &, e&c-"* O-O%e * &(' #' (XP,c"*,
№№ 137, 233, "",,: 300-303), e&c Y&[& * +"&( (h0,* 1887:259), *.
pc-, * 1*0 1*"&c" (b",O"c, 1897:1).
N c,%' ($-' )"& 0 *"0 +O" *#)-O0, (,$[^a0
*" [*". z 0* * (&, &Oe *-#, O*(0- 1"&,[0 — *.
pc-,0 s"(O*%0 !(,-0 (WO*%0 !(,c), 1&10 &), 1 0,",^ "O*"", +%, 1&"O1["c,, ', !%. W*. pc-, * O,0 # 1*' 1*"& 1O,0" &",e% 29 P"*&- — “, $ , )O *#)-,", *"
1)+"” (b",O"c, 1897:1-21). Y&"O*O"c &O% !(,- # ,"(,*",,
"1, , &(^ %"- . x"+&*, (,$[" )&O *")
*#)-O (YOc", x"+&* 1851: 68). W&. +a"," $c, "1 1O 6604 (1096 ).) 1&'O" !,- p"*(: “Y&O" *&" !,- +"#+[,%, s"(O*%
'%a, p%"*( *,"#1( 0 * )&O ," *"'s 1*e, #[)s +,c"
)&O...” (N)"*$ 1843: 163). W1+,c^ [)c )&O *0 *#)-O0
+O" WO*% !(,c. W), )e0( ,&O,0( 1&"O,c^, )O ,-#c h0, ye &(+ WO*0( !(,c )*(, “ )* -. !&* ( )* +( O*), a $ &#c ,' O* - ," 0). - &# 1O,- [""#,0 *0 +&* , -i )*, )* 1O* - # b) , y&Oa", e" " 0 #1 "” [W )* c-. !&* ( v )*%
+% 0 O,,%0, $ )# *#c ," 0) *O"c. p 1O,- [""#,%0
*0 " +&* , "$",, )*", )* 10&" # b) , y&Oa", e"% )&O #)&"-] (h] 1891: 302, &. [" x"+&* 1851: 66-71). +
+",,-' *#)-O )e) 1(O"0,, ,#%*"0) Szełudywy Buniak, ["
,O"",,) O,,%0 *"0, ,' *"O", ," O"&[- (N)"*$ 1843:
163). "+'O0 1O$"&,(c, $ *" 1"&"$",,%" 1"&,[, +O^a"
1)" )#, * *$,*-, &Oe , &#( ," *&"$^- * +%$' ^["0 1 X&,", 01, 307, 1[",,%0 * ,*( 1*" y)-.
N *^ $"&"Oc 1"&,[ *"*(^a' ,&O,%' +%$", *%#*,,%",
$+% (*O"c &%) 1&1"-0 )*,) )"&-, ," 0"^ '-+
,",&0c,%' #0",", )#, # ^$","0 "O,*",,) #*",) ,0
^[,&() ". N O, # (c' +%$" (0"&s- *"Oc0, ," 1+,- +,&([c * e"&* 1&,-, $^a") ,O ," Y%&c, +&a"- # 10ac^
&* *"Oc0" (p$, 1899 :41). p&*#,, "1 * ,&O, *-,
&Oe - ($*% 1&#, ,0&,%' (a"*, $c- P#$"- (a"&+,c ," 0"s" ' *"&'*O",^.
+&0- O"0,$"0 (a"*0, &([^a0 N-, &%' y)c ,#%*" “),00”. +a"#*",, $ ),0% - 1"&,[ #1O,*-, 0P) (*"&,"" — v"0", *-,- ,"0"e &Oe , *-,(^) — * (&, 0P) ," #*",%. N,"s, *O “),0*” * 1*" y)- (YWW 1957: 574) ,"0,",, *O""c*(" 1&,e1' ,&(&*,- O"0,$"' (a"*, '&"&,%' O- "*&1"' &(' &0,*, #+&[^a'
&s," “,0&,"” *0"a"," ,""O,0%' O"" 1&"O0"*
(1&-0- 1&"c ))"*0 “),00” — 1(s,- “s O0*%'” # , c-,%, #O,,- 1 0( [" &0,$"0( 1&,e1(; ]0, 1980: 272-273).
#s," )*&c, $ “$- * *O" )&0,) 1(#%&-, %-$c^ 1&-,(%' #
"&"O,% "a" &1,,%' [” “$(Oa" * 1"&"1(,,%' *'”, (10-,(%" y)"0 * $"*" “&,*” N-, e&(^- ," 1"&,[0 (&, 0P), , &"", P,$"0 +� #*", &,%
!' “(s"," *. X,,-” (* ,"&%' # ,' "O*" (0&*
1&+&# 0) N-).
N& 1&,e1 #+&[",- “,0&,” * &0,$" v"" - ,)&0[O",", #+%$,c $"* O"", # &%' ,&(&("- 1"&,[. 0",, 1,% 0 N 1&$" O"0,%, $ O 1*O W.Y."*%&"*( #0"c: “([,%" *O",- "0,& * e"&* +% 0,"0 1&",*",- O- *&. z *O",- ," 1&#*O- ([, 10( $ , s0 1O&+, 1,%. w[," ," 0[" +%c 1O&+,: 1&#& )O &s",, )O
* ,"0 "c -- ,"1&"O"",,c...” ("*%&"* 1835: 410).
N ,&O, (c(&" 1&,e1% 1,- 0P)$") ,%":
N-1"&*%', - (*" * ,&10&P,0 +" 0P)$") (a"*
,"+'O0%' $" ", ") P#$"- (a"&+,c, ,"1,e",,c ((*"
1,,) '&"+, ", '&0, &*#, 1O.). N-*&%', )1"&&P&-
*,,c $" " ()*%, 1*%' &),* 1O.). ,,"e, O- 1"&,["
#0&P,%0 $"&0 '&"&, +,&," "O,"," $" " &"c,%' [*%' (a"* (P&, — 1([",a,-1(&%+, *01& — $"*" +$c"
)*, *O-, — $"*" &*c0 1%0 .O.).
N +%$' 1& 1, *&"$ $"*" ,"$ &# 0""
0" ,"1&"O"",,c, & )*& "*%&"*, ,"+'O00 1&#,"
([,). N "' ,&O, (c(&% +%$, O 0) ,e &# +%*" ,"
-,, 1"&"O $"*"0 - [*" (a"* O"0,, 1c( $ #&",- ,&O,) #,,-, ,*,- ,+"" &(O,- #O$ O- O"0,
“,0&,)” (a"* — ," $c- $"*" O&()' #"0,%' (a"*, 0[, $,"" 0&*c ', $+% **" * #+([O"," +0,(c $"*".
c O,-O*" #,*%" O" * +" 1*"O", ,"#,0e ()&0 0"',
#%" 1()*e% , P,", ," 1% 1O.) 1#*-^ &1#,c ") O"0,$"(^ 1&&O(. {,$"" +&#% ,&O, (c(&% * 1&,e1" ,"
0)( +%c 1c#*,% * "&(&,0 "" * *"0 “""*",,0” *O", 1c( ( "&(&% ( 0P)$" &Oe &#,%" #O$ P(,e.
]^+ "&(&,% ", #+&[^a P"&( 1(&,,"), 1&""O(" $ v"$"" #O$. _- &0,* - e"c — #O," &0,$") )&", 0P"&% &0,$") ([.
w "* &Oe,, (c(&% ,*,%" #O$ — $ 1&)0$"".
O"c )*," — "&"1,c (#,*"0c 0P)$") +&#, 1c(
0P)- 1 *"0( O"&[ 1," 0&, ") +-,"," Pe^, 1"&"O*"0%" 1",- 1",^. X Pe&*c v"0",% 0&, * 0 $" 1(&,,", 0[, c , ,*" *%-*",- ' +a', 1*&-^a'- 1&#,*. "+'O0c 1"&"O$ (c(&, ,P&0e
"O(^a"0( 1",^ * 1"&"O +%$ "a" +($^a" #O$ —
$c O"0,, 0&(^a")- 1O $"*", &"c,) $"*", #+"[c 1, ,*",- ,"$ . z"$"" #O$ O- "*
,&O, O"0,) *&"1",,%.
YO ,"e '"c +% *%#c O,( )1"#(, +-,-^a(^, , ,s *#)-O, v"$"(^ ,"+'O0c #0",% N"0 *"*(^a' 1"&,[" ,&O,%' +%$" * 1*" y)-. !% +% ,"1&"c, ,*,c^ &0&*c
&0,$"" 1*" “N"$"&* , '(&" +# _,c” “b&)&O”
($"+," 1+" 1 (&, v,)&P. c, #*0 y)-
"*&1") &0,#0 * 1"&O ") &+% ,O “b&)&O0” ,"*"*
#+&["0%' 0 “(&,'” &, &"c,0( (O( &Oe-0 (&,)
&"c-,* 1 0,)" (0., '- +%: "*%&"* 1835: 396-411, p(s 1861, X.p., Z.{. 1902: 641).
*0c "*&1"' &0,* 1&-*c, * $,, * *%+&"
^["* O- 1*"" “b&)&O”. p 1&0"&(, ^[" 1*" “W&s,- 0"c”
#0**, # 1*" ]^O*) “Yc"& X,,"” “1&1&*",” &10
&0 (X.p., Z.{. 1902: 641). N *-# v0 0[, O"c &[,"
1&"O1[",", $ 1"&*,$c, $0 #O,^ “N-” 1([ ,"
*"*(^a" (&," +%$, &0,$"" "&(&," 1&#*"O",".
0""- * *O( +O h+"& W( “The witch of Berkley”, 1"&"*"O",,-
N.X.x(*0 * 1814 ). , &( -#% 1O ,#*,"0: “!O, * &
1%*"-, O, &(s "' , $"&,0 ," *O*"0 O" *1"&"O”.
N v +O" W( 1c#(" ^[" ,) ,&O, ")",O% *"Oc0",
&- *"" 1[c "+- 1" 0"& * *,,% [""#0 )&+ 1*c
* e"&*, )O" *-a",, O[,% +% ([c ,O ," 1,'O( * "$"," &"' ,$". , ,"0&- , 1&,-%" 0"&%, &(1 *"Oc0% +% (,"", Oc-*0 # e"&*.
W^[" v ")",O% -*-"- #1O,"*&1"0 *&,0 *$,*-,' +%$" 1&(+" *"Oc0".
b[, 1&"O1[c, $ +O W( * 1"&"*O" x(*), )","$"
*'O-a- #1O,-"*&1"0 *&,0 ^[" X&,"-01, 307, -*c O- y)- *"+&#,%0 &0,$"0 “s"”, , &" ,[- ^["
'&s "0( #*", (&, +%$, “&O*",,e%” ,) ")",O%.
,*,"0 O- ) 1&"O1[",- ([ 0,)$",,%" 1"&P&#% # +O% “ &(s"” * "" “N-”, +",, * $ 1*", )O" )*&- ,$,%' ([' * e"&*. N 1"&"$", O"" ,$,) +"$,* $(O*a y)c -*, "O(" # "0 x(*): “ ,* &"*, s(0, &" ( *&; / y&%#(
#0, * #*&% &*(-; / p +(O *'&c... / p +(O "1c 1"$,,(^ &,/
*-a0 &%0 &"... / '&0 O*"&c (0 #&-c , 1 &(',(
1"-0... / _&[ (1 $"&,"e 1&"O &"0;/ bc- % ,"...” (x(*
I: 423, 425, 427). X * P&)0",% # " y)-: “N'&c 1O,-- 1 e"&*, 11O , #"0^ ,% ... O*"& &*c 1""c ... W&s,% s(0 &%
e&1,c- )" ,1, *^ e"&*c ... w r0% *%s" # )*% 1"O, '0"-. , c &"-, O $ 11 0*%” (y)c 1959:423).
o v )1"# *"&,, 1"&"O ,0 (,c,% ($, )O $,0
"&(&,) 1&#*"O",- -*-^- O* )","$" &O*",,%' *&, O,) +a""*&1") Pc&,) ^[", *#-%" # O*(' &#,%' &Oe — (&, ,), 1& v0 ,) *&,, “1&1(a",,%” $"&"#
“)&,” O*, "&(&, +&+ (W( x(*)), 1&*, *
&O*",,% (&, ^[" v"( "*&1") &0,#0. 0",, ,
$" 1&#*"O"," y)- (&, +%$. X v, * *^ $"&"Oc, 1&"O"-" +&# )*,) )"&-, ,&(&*," &) ,"#+"[, 1&'O 1 #,0 &0,$") #+&[",- “,0&,)” — --,+(Oc #(&-O,-,
“1&"*s--” *"0 "*- *"Oc0 -*, +% +% ," 1+, &"sc )*, v"$" #O$ 1&#*"O",- - #O,- 0P"&% &0,$") ([.
r$"- +&c *,0," "a" , O,( O"c, )*&-a(^ * 1c#(
#[",, )1"#% #0**, — * (&,' ,&O,%' +%$' 1&(+
(O, 0O *-a",, 1O.) 1$ *")O *%'O 1+"O""0 ,O ,"$
+)O&- 1&*c,0( 1c#*,^ 1&1"$"' &"O* *"*
&s") 10a,. N +O" W(, ), #,0 &0,$") )&",
$"&,"e ," * ' 1&*-c Oc-*( (&. P, “N-”). ,"&",, $ 1"&"*O x(*) +% #1&"a", O('*, e",#(&, “ 1c", * & Oc-*
&["*(" ,O e"&*c^, ,O !)0” (x(* I: 592).
#[",,% *%s" 0"& 1#*-" O"c ,"&%" *%*O%:
1) Y"&,[ ,+&0 1&#,*, 1&1%*"0%' y)"0 N^, , * (&,, , * *+a" *-, 0P)$" "0" ," +,&([",, 1&
0, $ +cs,* O"c,%' 0**, *-^a' v +&#, * &#, "1",
1&(a &#$,%0 0P)$"0 1"&,[0 *-,' ,&O,%' &Oe,
* 0 $" (&,.
2) oc *" ,*,- $c +&# N- *&","0 ," “1&,&O,)
*+&[",-”, *& P,# - Nc"*$ y)-, ,&(-
&**s") *") )"&- # &"c,%' 0P)$"' 0**, *&"$^a'- *
*-,' &Oe-', , 1 #,0 &0,$" v". + v0
*O""c*(^, * $,, 1+% *%&[",- “,0&,” * ,&O,
&Oe, $^a"- 1&,e1* 1,- O"0,$"' 1"&,[" *
*& "&(&". Yv0( O"&e^ y)- “c,0 #O, 1&,&O,) *%&[",-” "O(" $"c +"-a" (O*s"- "&(&, 0Pe", O-a"- * ([" 1& *".
]"&(&
X&,", 01, - Aarne A., Thompson S. The Types of the Folk-Tale. A Classification and Bibliography. Helsinki, 1961.
X+"* 1958 - G&! L.. +&# N- * 1*" .N.y)- // h( Pc&. b.- ]., 1958. .3.
X.p., Z.{. - G.I., .J. “W&s,- 0"c” y)- 1*"c “Yc"& X,,"” //
h(- W&, 1902. № 1-3.
XP,c"* - GS@&! G.. h(" ,&O,%" #. b., 1957. . 1-3.
XP,c"* I - GS@&! G.. Yv$"" *##&",- *-, , 1&&O(. b., 1865.
. I.
N)"*$ 1843 - L&!$ . N", &(,0 , +[, // Biblioteka narodowego zakładu Ossolińskich. 1843. T. VI.
y,^ 1912 - M L. ,O+ O (&¡,c¡ O"0,c)i¡ // o,)&Pi$,
#+i&,. ]c*i*. 1912. .34.
y)c 1959 - M@ .L. W+&," $,", * s" 0'. b., 1959. . 2.
y&,$", I-II - M$& .F. z,)&P$"" 0"&%, +&,,%" * V"&,)* "O,' ," )(+"&,-'. V"&,)* 1895, 1897. N%1. 1-2.
x"+&* 1851 - P&! . O W*-* // "$"*",,%" #1. 1851.
№ 7.
x(* I - &(+"[,- 1v#- * 1"&"*O' N.X.x(*). b., 1985. . I.
e"* 1975 - e"* .. bP)$"- " * $"s0 *e0 -#%'.
_"&e- , ," ($", "1", ,OO P)$"' ,(.
b,, 1975.
"",, - Q&& F.I. &O,%" # N- )(+"&,. WY!., 1915.
"",, I - Q&& F.I. 1," &(1" ($",) &'* 01. h() y")&P$") +a"*. Y)., 1914. . I.
*,* 1973 - !! L.$. L. p")&- “*O0)” “,"*O0)” * "": "a"
&# *$,*-,' Pc&,%' 1&"-' ))"*0( “N^” //
Structure of Texts and Semiotics Culture. Hague-Paris, 1973.
p$, 1899 - I$ G. N"&*,- &"c-, (c )(+. // z,)&P$""
+#&",". 1899. № 3.
p(#0$"* 1887 - I" $&! A. "(O*% !(,- * (&,' ,&O,%'
#,-' // p"*- W&,. 1887. № 8, 10.
p(s 1861 - I- A.G. + v,)&P$"' ,"$,-' * 1*" y)- // ,*.
1861. . 1.
]0, 1980 - K .>. h0, X.W.Y(s, “o*)", ,"),”. p00",&.
]., 1980.
b",O"c, 1897 - >&%&@ .>. p 1*"&c-0 *. pc-," // z,)&P$""
+#&",". 1897. № 1.
b&O*$ 1896 - >%!$ L. p *1&( + $,' “N-” // p"*- W&,. 1896. p,. IX.
bP)$" 1991 - bP)$" *&c. b., 1991.
Y"&* 1937 - A&! L.A. p00",& // Y," +&," $,", .N.y)-.
b., 1937. . 2.
YWW 1957 - M@ .L. Y," +&," $,", * 12 0'. b., 1957. .2.
h.].. 1891 - (.K.. p � s"(O*0 !(,-" // p"*- W&, 1891. № 7-9.
h0,* 1887 - ( ! .(. !"&( W+&,. N"+, 1887. .3.
W(0e* 1892 - , ! .J. Y&" 1*" .N.y)- “N” // p"*- W&,. 1892. .3.
&(+$"* 1965 - $&! T.. # *-,-&,' "$"' ,s", //
z0)--1965. b., 1966.
"*%&"* 1835 - V&!/&! ,.A. #*0 y)- ,"0"e' &0,*
yP0, // b* ,+^O"c. 1835. .1.
Moszyński II, 2 - Moszyński K. Kultura ludowa Słowian. Warszawa, 1968. T.II. Cz. 2.
Die Figur mit einer Reihe von Merkmalen, die Gogols Vij zugeschrieben werden, ist weder im ukrainischen noch im allgemeinslawischen mythologischen System nie entdeckt worden. Mehrere Motive einschließlich dieser Figur, sind aber für verschiedene mythische Wesen der slawischen (und auch der ukrainischen) Volksüberlieferungen typisch. Man kann begründeterweise vermuten, daß die Figur von Vij nicht von der Volkseinbildungskraft, sondern von der Phantasie des Autors geschaffen worden ist, welcher seinen Haupthelden aus mehreren in der slawischen Tradition wirklich existierenden Motiven nach den Regeln der romantischen Ästhetik zusammengebaut hat. Davon spricht auch die Art, die Zugehörigkeit zu der “anderen Welt” zu beschreiben, die in der Volkstradition anders als in der Literatur ist.
Zur Frage einer Mystifikation oder Gogols Vij im Lichte der ukrainischen Mythologie
Elena E. Levkievskaja
