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8 Priloge
Tabela 3: Rezultati pregleda literature s področja empatije in izgorelosti Avtor in leto
objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Durkin et al., 2016
A pilot study exploring the relationship
Vključenih je bilo tudi 37 študentov
zdravstvene nege.
Medicinske sestre, ki dosegajo visoko raven sočutja, poročajo tudi o manjši izgorelosti. Večjo stopnjo izgorelosti so doživljale predvsem tiste medicinske sestre, ki so bile samokritične do sebe in so zaradi stresnih situacij zanemarile svoja čustva in potrebe. Zato je
potrebno, da medicinske sestre naučijo uravnavati svoja čustva.
Duarte et al.,
2016) Relationships between nurses’ empathy, kakovost življenja, IRI in lestvico samo-sočutja.
Anketiranih je bilo 280 diplomiranih
medicinskih sester iz javnih bolnišnic na severnem in osrednjem območju Portugalske.
Prevelika raven empatije in sočutja je lahko dejavnik tveganja za razvoj utrujenosti zaradi sočutja, ne pa tudi izgorelosti. Poučevanje samo-sočutja in veščin samooskrbe (nagnjenost k prijaznosti in razumevanju do sebe) sta pomembni pri zmanjševanju
izgorelosti, zato je potrebno, da se vključijo v proces izobraževanja.
Avtor in leto objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Meyer et al., 2015
Pediatric novice nurses:
examining compassion fatigue as a mediator between stress exposure
klinična študija. Nivo II
Kontrolni seznam življenjskih dogodkov je bil opravljen na začetku programa in 3 mesece po njem, da bi ocenili že
Izpostavljenost stresu je povezana s pojavom utrujenosti zaradi sočutja.
Glede na to, da so medicinske sestre pogosto izpostavljene stresu, pogosto pride tudi do izgorelosti. Zato je treba medicinske sestre usposobiti za spopadanje z izgorelostjo zaradi sočutja. of a multicentre study.
Študija z opazovanji.
Nivo IV
Izbrane so bile bolnišnice s podobno strokovno usposobljenostjo kadra, na oddelkih za
onkologijo. Medicinske sestre so izpolnile vprašalnike, ki so jih dobile v pisni obliki.
Študija je potekala v 8-ih izbran8-ih bolnišnicah v Kataloniji (Španija), sodelovalo je 297 onkoloških
medicinskih sester.
Utrujenost zaradi sočutja je zelo pogost pojav. Nenehne zahteve po empatiji medicinskih sester lahko le te pripeljejo do sočutne utrujenosti, tesnobe in želje po odhodu iz poklica. Prav tako lahko negativno vplivajo na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in kakovost oskrbe.
Salimi et al.,
2020 Compassion
satisfaction, burnout, and secondary
traumatic stress among critical care nurses in Iran.
V študiji je sodelovalo 400 medicinskih sester, ki so delale na oddelku za intenzivno nego v Iranu.
Med 42 % in 96 % udeležencev je obstajala visoka stopnja tveganja za izgorelost. Ugotovljene so bile
pomembne povezave med izgorelostjo in sočutjem.
Tabela 4: Rezultati pregleda literature s področja preprečevanja izgorelosti Avtor in leto
objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metodologija Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Sinclair et al., nege, ki so opisovali povezanost med empatijo in izgorelostjo
zdravstvenih delavcev.
Članki so bili iskani v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: PubMed,
Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO in Web of Science, Google učenjak, siva literatura in ročno iskanje po bibliografijah.
V pregled je bilo vključenih 90 teoretičnih in empiričnih člankov.
Dejavniki tveganja za utrujenost zaradi sočutja so povezani predvsem z
delovnim okoljem. Avtorji svetujejo, da naj medicinske sestre poskrbijo za dobro fizično, čustveno, socialno in duhovno zdravje in na ta način
zmanjšajo stopnjo stresa, ki je povezana z naravo dela.
Wu et al., 2016 Compassion fatigue, burnout, and
compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses in the United States and Canada.
Vključenih je bilo 486 ameriških in 63 kanadskih onkoloških medicinskih sester.
Zdravo in podporno delovno okolje je nujno za zdravje, dobro počutje in zadovoljstvo medicinskih sester.
Izboljšave na delovnem mestu bi lahko pomagale preprečiti izgorelost pri medicinskih sestrah, posledično bi se manj medicinskih sester odločilo, da zapusti poklic zdravstvene nege.
Avtor in leto objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Yu et al., 2016 Prevalence and podpore in kratek prevod kitajske evidence petih pomembnih osebnosti.
Vključenih je bilo deset terciarnih in pet sekundarnih bolnišnic zaposlenih in podpora strokovnih organizacij so bili opredeljeni kot pomembni zaščitniki medicinskih sester pred izgorelostjo. Nevrotizem poveča stopnjo izgorelosti zaradi sočutja.
Li et al., 2014 Group cohesion and
Cilj študije je bil raziskati učinkovitost
V študiji je sodelovalo 251 oseb (231 žensk, 20 moških).
Ugotovitve so pokazale, da je bilo delo v skupinah učinkovito pri zmanjševanju izgorelosti zaradi empatije.
Avtor in leto objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Duarte, Pinto
V študiji je sodelovalo 94 onkoloških
medicinskih sester, vendar so bili popolni podatki pridobljeni le od 48-ih medicinskih sester.
Medicinske sestre, ki so uporabile čuječnost, so poročale o znatnem zmanjšanju utrujenosti in izgorelosti zaradi sočutja. Rezultati so pokazali tudi na visoko stopnjo sprejemljivosti
intervencije.
Russell, 2016 Perceptions of burnout, its prevention, and its effect on patient care as described by oncology nurses in the hospital setting.
Posamezna opisna študija. Nivo VI
Avtorji izpostavijo problematiko izgorelosti v zdravstveni negi z vidika razširjenosti in povezanosti z vrsto neželenih izidov za osebje, organizacijo in potrošnike. Narejen je bil pregled raziskav, ki skušajo zmanjšati pojav izgorelosti.
V študiji je sodelovalo 61 medicinskih sester.
Izgorelost se lahko prepreči, če so v delovnem okolju prisotni sodelovanje, podpora in timsko delo.
Morse et al., 2012
Burnout in mental health services: a review of the problem and its remediation.
Sistematični pregled opisnih študij. Nivo V
/ Premalo preučene teme in slaba
organizacija so v tesni povezavi s stopnjo izgorelosti. Meditacija in čuječnost pomagata obvladovati stres ter razviti bolj pozitivne osebnostne lastnosti.
Avtor in leto objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Mattioli et al.,
/ / Dobro osebno zdravje zmanjša tveganje
za pojav izgorelosti. Redno uživanje uravnotežene prehrane, ustrezen spanec, gibanje, vodena meditacija, masaža, vzdrževanje odnosov s prijatelji in družino, sodelovanje v sproščujočih in zabavnih dejavnostih ter iskanje
duhovne izpolnitve so le nekatere izmed strategij, za katere avtorji navajajo, da so uspešne.
Ta pilotna študija je ocenjevala, ali kratke potekale na avdio CD-ju po kratkih individualnih navodilih, 5 dni v tednu 4 tedne.
/ Zdravo ravnovesje med delom in
življenjem ter intervencije, kot so svetovanje, informativni sestanki, umetniška in ekspresivna terapija, masaža, meditacija in vadba, zmanjšajo tveganje za pojav izgorelosti. Ples je lahko koristna intervencija umetniške terapije za zmanjšanje izgorelosti.
Hevezi, 2016 Evaluation of a
meditation intervention to reduce the effects of stressors associated with compassion fatigue among nurses.
Študija z opazovanji. osemminutna dihalna meditacija za sprostitev), namenjene občutku umirjenosti, sproščenosti in sočutja, je povečala stopnjo zadovoljstva in
dobrega počutja pri medicinskih sestrah.
Avtor in leto objave
Naslov članka, tipologija
Metode Vzorec Bistvene ugotovitve
Kelly, Lefton,
V študiji je sodelovalo 726 medicinskih sester oddelka za intenzivno nego iz 14 različnih bolnišnicah in 410 medicinskih sester iz deset bolnišnic.
Zadovoljstvo pri delu, priznavanje in
Zadovoljstvo pri delu, priznavanje in