30 ZAKLJUČEK
V zadnjih 20 letih se je ladijska potniška industrija bistveno spremenila. Z uvedbo vedno strožjih standardov že pri samem začetku gradnje ladje ter skrbno izbiro materialov in konstantnem nadzorovanju gradnje se nam možnosti za hujše nesreče drastično znižajo, še vedno pa ne izničijo.
Poleg konstrukcijskih novosti imamo sedaj še bolj sofisticirane vremenske napovedi, komunikacijske in navigacijske naprave, s katerimi imamo boljši nadzor nad ladjo in posledično dosežemo višjo raven varnosti in udobja. S pomočjo umetne inteligence imamo pod nadzorom tudi nesreče padcev ljudi v morje in obratno – plezanje nepovabljenih gostov na ladjo. Menim, da se bodo v prihodnosti ladjarji zaradi vse večje ozaveščenosti ljudi o okoljevarstvu še bolj osredotočali na to in gradili ladje karseda okolju prijazne. Če ne bodo ostali v koraku s časom in trendi, jih bo povozila konkurenca; po mojem mnenju bo namreč vse več zaščitenih območij, na katerih bodo tudi okoljevarstveni standardi vedno strožji. Za odpadke in odpadne vode je sistem že zelo izpopolnjen. Težava ostajajo velike količine izpuhov, ki jih proizvedejo gromozanski dizelski motorji na tovrstnih ladjah. Najboljši približek za rešitev tega je uporaba LNG-ja namesto mazuta.
Take ladje že obstajajo, vendar je infrastruktura za dobavo te vrste goriva še vedno v zaostanku, posebej na odročnih krajih, kamor pogosto plujejo potniške ladje. Nekaj bistvenih sprememb se je pri potniških ladjah zgodilo tudi po izbruhu koronavirusa. Večina jih od začetka leta 2020 do danes še vedno ne pluje, kar predstavlja ogromne izgube. Tiste, ki plujejo, pa so polovično zasedene.
Obvezno je nošenje mask, razdalja med ljudmi, testiranja, sledilne zapestnice in redno razkuževanje prostorov. Po mojem mnenju ti ukrepi (razen izpopolnjene ventilacije in razkuževanja) ne bodo dolgoročni, saj konstantno nošenje mask in testiranje po vsakem obisku obale mnogim pokvari izkušnjo bivanja na potniški ladji. Za naslednje poletje (2022) je glede na trenutno epidemiološko stanje in povpraševanje po križarjenjih pričakovati, da se bodo stvari normalizirale in potniške ladje bodo zopet lahko nemoteno obratovale.
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37 SEZNAM TABEL
Tabela 1: Koeficienti za računanje EEDI ... 13
Tabela 2: Dovoljene vrednosti EEDI ... 13
Tabela 3: Izračun potrebne moči motorja ... 26
Tabela 4: MSC Meraviglia ... 28
SEZNAM SLIK Slika 1: Senzor MOB ... 10
Slika 2: Čistilna naprava za odpadne vode ... 15
Slika 3: Vgradnja scrubberjev pri potniških družbah do začetka leta 2020 ... 17
Slika 4: Distribucija električne energije ... 19
Slika 5: Sestavni deli dizel-električnega pogona ... 20
Slika 6: Azipod ... 23
Slika 7: Izkoristek dizel-električnega motorja ... 25
Slika 8: MSC Meraviglia ... 29
SEZNAM KRATIC ABB – Asea Brown Boveri
AIS – Automatic Identification System ALDR – Air Layer Drag Reduction BDR – Bubble Drag Reduction
COLREG – Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea EEDI – Energy Efficiency Design Index
FSS – Fire Safety System
GMDSS – Global Maritime Distress and Safety System HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning IMO – International Maritime Organization
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ISPS – International Ship and Port Facility Security Code ISC – International Shore Connection
LED – Light Emitting Diode LNG – Liquified Natural Gas
MARPOL – Prevention of Marine Environment Pollution from Ships MOB – Man Overboard
PAL – Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage PCDR – Partial Cavity Drag Reduction
PMS – Power Management System SAR – Search and Rescue
SDR – Special Drawing Rights
SEEMP – Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan SOLAS – Safety of Life at Sea
SRTP – Safe Return to Port SSO – Ship Safety Officer SSP – Ship Safety Plan
STCW – Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
39