HORMONSKI MOTILCI
/XFLMD3HUKDULþ
POVZETEK +RUPRQVNL PRWLOHF R]LURPD NHPLþQL SRY]URþLWHOM KRUPRQVNLK PRWHQM .3+0 MH RG ]XQDM YQHVHQD VQRY R]LURPD ]PHV VQRYL NL SUHN VSUHPHPE Y GHORYDQMX KRUPRQVNHJD VLVWHPD SRY]URþL ãNRGOMLYH XþLQNH QD ]GUDYMH Y LQWDNWQHP RUJDQL]PX QMHJRYHP SRWRPVWYX R]LURPD VXESRSXODFLMLMDK =D VNRUDM NHPLNDOLM MH ELOR SRWUMHQR GD SUHN KRUPRQVNHJD QDþLQD GHORYDQMD ODKNR ãNRGLMR ]GUDYMX Y LQWDNWQHP RUJDQL]PX .3+0 QDMGHPR Y åLYLOLK ]GUDYLOLKSUHGPHWLKVSORãQHUDEHNHPLþQLKSULSUDYNLK]D]DWLUDQMHãNRGOMLYFHYJRULYLKSUHPD]LK SURGXNWLKJRUHQMD.3+0SULSLVXMHMRãWHYLOQHãNRGOMLYHXþLQNHQD]GUDYMHRGEROH]QLUHSURGXN WLYQLKRUJDQRYLQ]PDQMãDQHSORGQRVWLPRWHQMGHORYDQMDãþLWQLFHLQUD]YRMåLYþHYMDVODGNRUQH EROH]QLLQPHWDEROQHJDVLQGURPDGRSRUDVWDKRUPRQVNRRG]LYQLKUDNRY1DUD]YRMKRUPRQVNR RGYLVQLKUDNRYYSOLYDMRãWHYLOQLQHYDUQRVWQLGHMDYQLNLYNOMXþQRV.3+06OHGQMLPSULSLVOMLYHJD GHOHåDUDNRYWUHQXWQRQLPRJRþHGRORþLWL]DUDGLSRPDQMNDQMDYHURGRVWRMQLKUD]LVNDYSULL]SR VWDYOMHQLK SUHGYVHP Y NULWLþQLK UD]YRMQLK REGREMLK 3ULþDNXMHPR GD VH ER WHåLãþH SULKRGQMLK UD]LVNDY SUHPDNQLOR UDYQR Y VPHUL SRVOHGLF ]DUDGL L]SRVWDYOMHQRVWL Y UD]YRMQLK REGREMLKin utero Y RWURãWYX LQ DGROHVFHQFL =DUDGL REãLUQRVWL LQ NRPSOHNVQRVWL WHPH VH Y SULVSHYNX RVUHGRWRþDPR QD GHILQLFLMH SRWUHEQH ]D UD]XPHYDQMH .3+0 WHU SRJODYLWQH QHJRWRYRVWL LQ NRQWURYHU]QRVWL 1DVHPLQDUMX ERPR SUHGVWDYLOL WXGL QHNDM NRQNUHWQLK SULPHURY SRYH]DY PHG .3+0LQKRUPRQVNRRG]LYQLPLUDNL
UVOD
,]UD] KRUPRQVNL PRWLOHF DQJendocrine disruptor VR SUYLþ XSRUDELOL OHWD ]DKRUPRQVNRDNWLYQHRNROMVNHNHPLNDOLMHY]YH]LVNDWHULPLVRSRYH ]RYDOL ãNRGOMLYH YSOLYH QD VSROQL UD]YRM SUL OMXGHK LQ GUXJLK RUJDQL]PLK >@
2GWOHM]DY]HPDMRSRPHPEQRPHVWRPHGUD]LVNRYDOQLPLLQMDYQR]GUDYVWYHQLPL SULRULWHWDPLLQVRSRVWDOHSRJRVWDWHPDYQHWLKUD]SUDYYVWURNRYQLKLQODLþQLK NURJLK
96ORYHQLMLVHSROHJL]UD]DKRUPRQVNLPRWLOHFXSRUDEOMDWDWXGLL]UD]DNHPLþQL SRY]URþLWHOM KRUPRQVNLK PRWHQM in NHPLþQL KRUPRQVNL PRWLOHF 2ED VWD QDWDQþQHMãD RG L]UD]DKRUPRQVNL PRWLOHF VDM JUH ]D NHPLþQH VQRYL NL ODKNRPRWLMRGHORYDQMHKRUPRQVNHJDHQGRNULQHJDVLVWHPD1HUDYQRYHVMH KRUPRQVNHJD VLVWHPD ODKNR ]PRWLMR WXGL ãWHYLOQL GUXJL GHMDYQLNL NRW VR VYHWOREDKUXSþXVWYDEROH]HQVNDVWDQMDLWG9QDGDOMHYDQMXWHJDSULVSHYND ERPR XSRUDEOMDOL Y MDYQR]GUDYVWYHQLK NURJLK XGRPDþHQL L]UD] NHPLþQL SRY]URþLWHOMLKRUPRQVNLKPRWHQM.3+0
1D 1DFLRQDOQHP LQãWLWXWX ]D MDYQR ]GUDYMH SRGURþMH .3+0 VSUHPOMDPR Y RNYLUXWRNVLNRYLJLODQFHåHGREULKSHWQDMVWOHW=HSLGHPLRORãNHJDLQNOLQLþQHJD YLGLNDVHV.3+0XNYDUMDMRNROHJL]2QNRORãNHJDLQãWLWXWDLQ8QLYHU]LWHWQHJD NOLQLþQHJD FHQWUD /MXEOMDQD 7HPHOMQLP UD]LVNDYDP .3+0 VH SRVYHþDMR Y DNDGHPVNLKNURJLKSUHGYVHPQDIDNXOWHWL]DIDUPDFLMRYHWHULQDUVNLPHGL FLQVNLLQELRWHKQLþQLIDNXOWHWLWHUQDUD]LVNRYDOQLKLQãWLWXWLKNRWVR1DFLRQDOQL
LQãWLWXW]DELRORJLMR.HPLMVNLLQãWLWXW,QãWLWXW-RåHI6WHIDQLQGUXJLPHGWHP NR RUJDQL Y VHVWDYL PLQLVWUVWHY ]D ]GUDYMH NPHWLMVWYR LQ RNROMH VNUELMR ]D ]DNRQRGDMRLQQDG]RU>@
=DUDGL REãLUQRVWL LQ NRPSOHNVQRVWL WHPH VH Y SULVSHYNX RVUHGRWRþDPR QD GHILQLFLMHSRWUHEQH]DUD]XPHYDQMHQDþLQHGHORYDQMD.3+0WHUQDSRJOD YLWQHQHJRWRYRVWLLQNRQWURYHU]QRVWLNLãHYHGQRGHOLMRVWDOLãþDVWURNRYQMDNRY RGORþHYDOFHYLQVSORãQHMDYQRVWLPHGWHPNRSRJODYLWQHSRVOHGLFHL]SRVWDY OMHQRVWL.3+0OHSRY]HPDPR
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,QWHUSUHWDFLMHSRGDWNRYR.3+0VRSRJRVWRSUHYHþSRHQRVWDYOMHQHSRYUãQH QHFHORYLWHLQ]DYDMDMRþHQHOHYPHGLMLKLQYVSORãQLMDYQRVWLDPSDNWXGLY VWURNRYQLKNURJLK=DWR]DEROMãHUD]XPHYDQMHQDYDMDPRNOMXþQHGHILQLFLMH
.HPLþQLSRY]URþLWHOMKRUPRQVNLKPRWHQM
2EVWDMDYHþGHILQLFLM.3+0YHQGDUMHQDMãLUãHVSUHMHWDGHILQLFLMD6YHWRYQH ]GUDYVWYHQHRUJDQL]DFLMH6=2L]OHWD.HPLþQLSRY]URþLWHOMKRUPRQ VNLKPRWHQMMHRG]XQDMYQHVHQDVQRYR]LURPD]PHVVQRYLNLSUHNVSUHPHPE Y GHORYDQMX KRUPRQVNHJD VLVWHPD SRY]URþL ãNRGOMLYH XþLQNH QD ]GUDYMH Y LQWDNWQHP RUJDQL]PX QMHJRYHP SRWRPVWYX R]LURPD VXESRSXODFLMLMDK 0RUHELWQL.3+0MHRG]XQDMYQHVHQDVQRYR]LURPD]PHVVQRYL]DNDWHUR VH SULþDNXMH GD EL ]PRJOD SRY]URþLWL KRUPRQVNH PRWQMH Y LQWDNWQHP RUJDQL]PXQMHJRYHPSRWRPVWYXR]LURPDVXESRSXODFLMLMDK>@
9 VNODGX ] GHILQLFLMR 6=2 MH ]D XPHVWLWHY HNVRJHQH NHPLNDOLMH R] ]PHVL PHG .3+0 SRWUHEQD Y]URþQD SRYH]DYD PHG L]SRVWDYOMHQRVWMR LQWDNWQHJD RUJDQL]PDNHPLNDOLMLLQãNRGOMLYLPXþLQNRPSRKRUPRQVNHPQDþLQXGHORYDQMD
+RUPRQVNRDNWLYQDVQRY
3RPHPEQR MH GD UD]OLNXMHPRPHG .3+0 LQ KRUPRQVNRDNWLYQLPLVQRYPL +$6 +RUPRQVNR DNWLYQD VQRY DQJ endocrine active substance MH NDWHUD NROL NHPLNDOLMD NL ODKNR ] QHSRVUHGQR DOL SRVUHGQR LQWHUDNFLMR V KRUPRQVNLPVLVWHPRPSRY]URþLXþLQHNQDKRUPRQVNLVLVWHPWDUþQHRUJDQH LQ WNLYD 9HQGDU þH VR ELRORãNH VSUHPHPEH WRYUVWQH LQWHUDNFLMH Y RNYLUX KRPHRVWDWVNLKR]LURPDGHWRNVLILNDFLMVNLKNDSDFLWHWRUJDQL]PDQLQXMQRGD ERGRSRVOHGLFHãNRGOMLYH>@
âNRGOMLYLXþLQHN
âNRGOMLYL XþLQHN DQJadverse effect MH VSUHPHPED Y PRUIRORJLML UDVWL UD]YRMXUD]PQRåHYDQMXDOLåLYOMHQMVNLGRELRUJDQL]PDDOLVXESRSXODFLMHNL PDQMãD IXQNFLRQDOQR NDSDFLWHWR DOL NRPSHQ]DFLMVNR UH]HUYR RE GRGDWQHP VWUHVXDOLYHþDREþXWOMLYRVW]DGUXJHYSOLYH>@
1DþLQLQPHKDQL]HPGHORYDQMD
1DþLQ GHORYDQMD DQJmode of action MH ] UREXVWQLPL HNVSHULPHQWDOQLPL RSD]RYDQML LQ PHKDQLVWLþQLPL SRGDWNL SRGSUWR ELRORãNR YHUMHWQR VRVOHGMH NOMXþQLKGRJRGNRY]DþHQãL]LQWHUDNFLMRNHPLNDOLMHVFHOLFRNLSUHNIXQNFLR QDOQLKLQDQDWRPVNLKVSUHPHPEYRGLYRSD]RYDQHXþLQNH.OMXþQLGRJRGHN DQJkey event MH GHILQLUDQ NRW HPSLULþQR RSDåHQL SUYL NRUDN NL MH QXMQL HOHPHQWQDþLQDGHORYDQMDR]LURPDMHR]QDþHYDOFHQXMQHJDHOHPHQWD>@
=DUD]OLNRRGQDþLQDGHORYDQMDLPSOLFLUDPHKDQL]HPGHORYDQMDDQJmechanism of actionQDWDQþQHMãHUD]XPHYDQMHPROHNXODUQLKRVQRYWRNVLþQHJDXþLQND>@
+RUPRQVNLHQGRNULQLVLVWHP
+RUPRQMHVQRYNLL]YLUDL]GRORþHQHJDWNLYDLQXþLQNXMHQDGUXJDWNLYDGR NDWHULK SULVSH V NUYMR +RUPRQVNL HQGRNULQL VLVWHP YNOMXþXMH HQGRNULQH RUJDQH LQ WNLYD NL XUDYQDYDMR SUHVQRYR UDVW UD]YRM WHU GHORYDQMH WNLY LQ RUJDQRYLQWDNRYSOLYDQDSUDNWLþQRYVDNRFHOLFRRUJDQL]PD3ULWHPVRGHOX MHMRãWHYLOQHWHOHVXODVWQHNHPLþQHVQRYLPHGWHPNRVHIL]LRORãNRUDYQRYHVMH Y YHþLQL SULPHURY Y]GUåXMH ] QHJDWLYQLPL SRYUDWQLPL ]DQNDPL 9H]DYD QD KRUPRQVNHUHFHSWRUMHSRY]URþLVSUHPHQMHQRL]UDåDQMHJHQRYDOLVSUHPHPEH Y EHOMDNRYLQDK NDU YSOLYD QD GHORYDQMH FHOLF ýH MH KRUPRQRY SUHYHþ DOL SUHPDORR]LURPDþHQLGRYROMUHFHSWRUVNLKYH]DYQLKPHVWODKNRQDVWDQHMR KRUPRQVNRQHUDYQRYHVMHLQ]QMLPSRYH]DQHPRWQMHLQEROH]QL>@
7ULSRPHPEQH HQGRNULQH RVLVR KLSRWDODPLþQRKLSRIL]QRJRQDGQD KLSRWD ODPLþQRKLSRIL]QRQDGOHGYLþQD LQ KLSRWDODPLþQRKLSRIL]QRãþLWQLþQD RV Y]GROå NDWHULK SRWHNDMR NRPSOHNVQH YHUWLNDOQH NRPXQLNDFLMH NRW WXGL QDY]NULåQH KRUL]RQWDOQH NRPXQLNDFLMH PHG HQGRNULQLPL åOH]DPL LQ GUXJLPL RUJDQVNLPL VLVWHPL9QHNDWHULKSULPHULKNRWVRL]ORþDQMHLQ]XOLQDL]WUHEXãQHVOLQDYNH PLQHUDORNRUWLNRLGRY L] QDGOHGYLþQH åOH]H R]LURPD SDUDWKRUPRQD L] REãþLW QLþQLKåOH]YKRPHRVWDWVNLK]DQNDKQHVRGHOXMHWDKLSRWDODPXVLQKLSRIL]D DPSDN MH UDYHQ QDãWHWLK KRUPRQRY RGYLVQD RG NRQFHQWUDFLMH JOXNR]H QDWULMDLQNDOLMDR]LURPDNDOFLMDLQIRVIRUMDYVHUXPX>@=YVHYHþMLPUD]X PHYDQMHP UHFHSWRUVNHJD VLJQDOL]LUDQMD LQ PROHNXODUQH ELRORJLMH VH EULãHMR PHMHPHGKRUPRQVNLPåLYþQLPLQLPXQVNLPVLVWHPRP=DWRVHYGRORþHQLK NRQWHNVWLK N HQGRNULQHPX VLVWHPX SROHJ NODVLþQR GHILQLUDQHJD SULãWHYDMR
tudi druge vrste signaliziranja, ki poteka prek receptorjev [9], kar dodatno zapleta interpretacijo vplivov KPHM in HAS.
1$ý,1,'(/29$1-$KPHM,1HAS
.HPLNDOLMH LPDMR ODKNR UD]OLþQH QDþLQH GHORYDQMD QD KRUPRQVNL VLVWHP = vezavo na hormonske receptorje lahko delujejo kot agonisti ali antagonisti.
Poleg tega lahko vplivajo na:
x GHMDYQLNH NL SRVUHGXMHMR XþLQNH DNWLYLUDQLK KRUPRQVNR UHFHSWRUVNLK kompleksov;
x FHOLþQLSULY]HPVQRYLSRWUHEQLK]DVLQWH]RKRUPRQRY
x GHORYDQMHHQFLPRYYSOHWHQLKYVLQWH]RSUHVQRYRLQRþLVWHNKRUPRQRY x L]ORþDQMHKRUPRQRYL]HQGRNULQLKWNLY
x YH]DYRKRUPRQRYQDWUDQVSRUWQHEHOMDNRYLQH
x nevro-endokrino signalizacijo in uravnavanje endokrinih funkcij [3, 9].
1HJOHGHQDQDþLQGHORYDQMDMHSRPHPEQRGDUD]OLNXMHPRKRUPRQVNRDNWLY QRVWRGKRUPRQVNHPRWQMH+RPHRVWDWVNDNDSDFLWHWDNLY]GUåXMHIL]LRORãNR GLQDPLþQRUDYQRYHVMHMHSRPHPEQD]QDþLOQRVWKRUPRQVNHJDVLVWHPDýH NDNãQD HNVRJHQD NHPLNDOLMD ]DþDVQR VSUHPHQL GHORYDQMH KRUPRQVNHJD VLVWHPD]QRWUDMKRPHRVWDWVNHNDSDFLWHWHRUJDQL]PDSRVOHGLFDQHERãNRG OMLYLXþLQHNDPSDN]JROMVSUHPHPED]QRWUDMIL]LRORãNHJDUD]SRQD>@
1$ý,1,,=3267$9/-(1267,,1326/(',&(
Pri ljudeh in drugih organizmih so raziskovalci v raznih predelih sveta XJRWRYLOL VSUHPHPEH ãWHYLOD LQ NYDOLWHWH VHPHQþLF SRQHNRG VR XJRWRYLOL XSDG GUXJRG SRUDVW VSUHPHQMHQR UD]PHUMH PHG VSRORPD SUL QHNDWHULK YUVWDKYSULGPRãNLKSRWRPFHYSULGUXJLKåHQVNLKSRUDVWSRMDYOMDQMDDQR PDOLM VSROQHJD WUDNWD SUL PRãNLK SRUDVW EROH]QL UHSURGXNWLYQHJD WUDNWD SUL åHQVNDKSRUDVWQHSORGQRVWLPRWHQMGHORYDQMDãþLWQLFHPRWHQMQHYURORãNHJD razvoja in delovanja imunskega sistema ter porast hormonsko odvisnih UDNRY NRW VR UDN GRMNH SURVWDWH PRG LQ ãþLWQLFH >@ =DUDGL XJRWRYOMHQLK SRYH]DY PHG QDãWHWLPL XþLQNL LQ L]SRVWDYOMHQRVWMR NHPLþQLP VQRYHP VH MH razmahnilo intenzivno raziskovanje z namenom, da se pojasnijo vzroki in SULGRELMRGRGDWQLSRGDWNLLQ]QDQMHRPHKDQL]PLKXþLQNRYGDVHL]EROMãDMR PHWRGRORãNL SULVWRSL UD]ãLUL LQ L]EROMãD VSUHPOMDQMH GD VH QDGDOMXMH LGHQWLILNDFLMD .3+0 Y]SRVWDYLMR PHGQDURGQL VH]QDPL LQ ED]H SRGDWNRY RFHQLWYHJDQMHLQVSUHMPHMRXVWUH]QLXNUHSL]D]PDQMãHYDQMHWYHJDQMD 3UYRWQH UD]LVNDYH VR VH RVUHGRWRþDOH QD YSOLYH QD VSROQH LQ ãþLWQLþQH KRUPRQHWHUVWHURLGRJHQH]R>±@PHGWHPNRMHY]DGQMHPGHVHWOHWMX YVHYHþUD]LVNDYWXGLRYSOLYXNHPLNDOLMQDGUXJHKRUPRQVNHSRWLLQ]QMLPL
SRYH]DQH PRWQMH NRW VR PRWQMH GHORYDQMD QDGOHGYLþQH åOH]H VODGNRUQD EROH]HQWLSD,,PHWDEROQLVLQGURPXþLQNLQDNRVWLLQ]REH>±@
3ROHJ ãWHYLOQLK ]GUDYLO GLHWLOVWLOEHVWURO SHURUDOQL NRQWUDFHSWLYL KRUPRQVND QDGRPHVWQD WHUDSLMD Y PHQRSDY]L NRUWLNRVWHURLGL ]GUDYLOD ]D ]YHþDQR SURVWDWRQHNDWHULDQWLDULWPLNLQHNDWHULDQWLSVLKRWLNLSDUDFHWDPROLWGODKNR KRUPRQVNR UDYQRYHVMH PRWLMR ãWHYLOQH NHPLNDOLMH NL VR ERGLVL Y QDUDYL RG QHNGDMERGLVLQDPHUQRDOLQDNOMXþQRGRGDQHåLYLORPR]LURPDVRVHVWDYLQH ãWHYLOQLKSUHGPHWRYVSORãQHUDEHRGWHNVWLODREODþLOHOHNWULþQLKLQHOHNWURQ VNLK QDSUDY JUDGEHQLK PDWHULDORY GR SDSLUMD RWURãNLK LJUDþ NR]PHWLNH LQ HPEDODåH 3RMDYOMDMRVH PHG SURGXNWL]JRUHYDQMDLQ VR VHVWDYLQH ãWHYLOQLK NHPLþQLK L]GHONRY RG UD]NXåLO GR VUHGVWHY ]D ]DWLUDQMH SOHVQL åXåHON JOR GDYFHYLQSOHYHODYGRPDþHPRNROMXLQYNPHWLMVWYX6H]QDP.3+0LQ+$6 MHL]MHPQRSHVWHU0HGQMHVSDGDMRYVDNGDQMHVHVWDYLQHåLYLONRWVRQDPL]QL VODGNRU NXKLQMVND VRO UDVWOLQVNL HVWURJHQL NRIHLQ HWLOQL DONRKRO JOLKLUL]LQ VHVWDYLQH SODVWLNH QSU ELVIHQRO $ LQ IWDODWL VHVWDYLQH GHWHUJHQWRY QSU QRQLOIHQRO VHVWDYLQH JRULY QSU SHUNORUDW NRQ]HUYDQVL QSU SDUDEHQL REVWRMQDRUJDQVNDRQHVQDåHYDODGLRNVLQLIXUDQL SROLNORULUDQLELIHQLOLSROL EURPLUDQL ELIHQLO HWUL NRYLQH DU]HQ NDGPLM VYLQHF åLYR VUHEUR SHVWLFLGL QSUDWUD]LQD]ROIXQJLFLGLPDQHERUJDQRNORUQLSHVWLFLGLSURNORUD]RUJDQVNL VWDQDWL YLQNOR]ROLQ SURGXNWL JRUHQMD QSU SROLDURPDWVNL RJOMLNRYRGLNL LQ ãWHYLOQH GUXJH NHPLNDOLMH NL VPR MLP L]SRVWDYOMHQL Y YVDNGDQMHP åLYOMHQMX 3RGUREQHL]VOHGNHLQUD]SUDYHRXþLQNLKSRVDPH]QLK.3+0LQ+$6QDOMXGL LQ GUXJH RUJDQL]PH SRGDWNH R L]SRVWDYOMHQRVWL LQ QDþLQLK GHORYDQMD MH PRåQRSUHEUDWLYãWHYLOQLK]QDQVWYHQLKVWURNRYQLKLQSUHJOHGQLKþODQNLKWHU PRQRJUDILMDK>±@
9]YH]L]YVHELQRGDQDãQMHJDVHPLQDUMDåHOLPRSRVHEHML]SRVWDYLWLQHGDYQL SUHJOHGQLþODQHN=DGQLNRYHLQ.UDMþHYHRHSLGHPLRORãNLKWUHQGLKKRUPRQVNR RGYLVQLK UDNRY WR MH UDND GRMNH HQGRPHWULMD MDþQLNRY SURVWDWH PRG LQ ãþLWQLFH Y 6ORYHQLML 'HOHå SULPHURY KRUPRQVNR RGYLVQLK UDNRY GRVHJD þHWUWLQR YVHKUDNRYY6ORYHQLMLLQVR± ]L]MHPRUDNDMDMþQLNRY±YSRUDVWX
$YWRULFLUD]SUDYOMDWDR]QDQLKQHYDUQRVWQLKGHMDYQLNLKYNOMXþQRV.3+0LQ ]DNOMXþLWDGDVOHGQMLPSULSLVOMLYHJDGHOHåDUDNRYWUHQXWQRQLPRJRþHGRORþLWL ]DUDGL SRPDQMNDQMD YHURGRVWRMQLK UD]LVNDY SUL L]SRVWDYOMHQLK SUHGYVHP Y NULWLþQLKUD]YRMQLKRGEGREMLK>@
KONTROVERZNOSTI IN NEGOTOVOSTI
ýHSUDY Y QDGDOMHYDQMX QDYHGHQH NRQWURYHU]QRVWL LQ QHJRWRYRVWL QLVR HNV NOX]LYQH ]D .3+0 LQ +$6 VH R QMLK QDMLQWHQ]LYQHMH UD]SUDYOMD UDYQR Y SRYH]DYL V ãNRGOMLYLPL YSOLYL NHPLNDOLM QD KRUPRQVNR UDYQRYHVMH ]DWR MLK SUHGVWDYOMDPRQHNROLNRSRGUREQHMH
3UDJXþLQND
3UDJXþLQNDMHYRGLOQDNRQWURYHU]QRVWY]YH]LV .3+0LQ+$66OREUD]OL NXMHELRORãNLHNVSHULPHQWDOQLLQPDWHPDWLþQLSUDJ%LRORãNLSUDJMHRGPHUHN SRGNDWHULPVQRYQHSRY]URþLQREHQLKãNRGOMLYLKXþLQNRY(NVSHULPHQWDOQL SUDJ MH RGPHUHN SRG NDWHULP XþLQNL QLVR RSDåHQL 0DWHPDWLþQL SUDJ MH RGPHUHN SRG NDWHULP MH XþLQHN PDWHPDWLþQR QLþ 9HQGDU Y åLYLK VLVWHPLK RGPHUHN SUL NDWHUHP MH XþLQHN PDWHPDWLþQR YHþML RG QLþ QL DYWRPDWLþQR ELRORãNRUHOHYDQWHQR]LURPDMHELRORãNDUHOHYDQWQRVWSUHML]MHPDNRWSUDYLOR
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