• Rezultati Niso Bili Najdeni

&# 478'&#

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "&# 478'&#"

Copied!
10
0
0

Celotno besedilo

(1)

L]YLUQL]QDQVWYHQLáODQHN 8'.0DULERU

SUHMHWR

,=*8%/-(1,*52%

%RULV.$985

8QLYHU]DQD3ULPRUVNHP=QDQVWYHQRUD]LVNRYDOQRVUHGLÊáH.RSHU,QÊWLWXW]DGHGLÊáLQR6UHGR]HPOMD6,.RSHU*DULEDOGLMHYD 8QLYHU]DQD3ULPRUVNHP)DNXOWHWD]DKXPDQLVWLáQHÊWXGLMH.RSHU2GGHOHN]DGHGLÊáLQR6,.RSHU7LWRYWUJ

HPDLOERULVNDYXU#]UVXSUVL

,=9/(Þ(.

2E DUKHRORÈNHP SUHJOHGX REPRßMD WUJRYVNHJD FHQWUD /HFOHUF Y 0DULERUX MH ELOD RGNULWD QDMGED EURQDVWLK QDUHEUHQLK ]DSHVWQLF NL MLK UD]ODJDPR NRW GHO LQYHQWDUMD ÊHQVNHJD JURED L] VWDUHMÈH ÊHOH]QH GREH 6OHGL REVWRMD JRPLOH QLVR ELOH YLGQH ]DWR GRPQHYDPR GD MH ELOD XQLßHQD ]DUDGL LQWHQ]LYQHJD RUDQMD *URERYL V ÈWHYLOQLPL ]DSHVWQLFDPLVRELOLRGNULWLYEOLÊQMLKJRPLODKQD/HSLUDYQLLQ5D]YDQMXWHUQDJRPLOQLKJURELÈßLKY.OHLQNOHLQXQD DYVWULMVNHP ÇWDMHUVNHP LQ QD %UHJX)UyJX QD DYVWULMVNHP .RURÈNHP *UH ]D ERJDWHMÈH ÊHQVNH JURERYH NL ] RKUD QMHQLPLGHOLQRÈHLQSULGDWNLSULßDMRRGUXÊEHQHPVWDWXVXSRNRMQLF

.OMXÞQHEHVHGHDUKHRORJLMDVWDUHMÊDÌHOH]QDGREDÌHQVNLSRNRSLREURáDVWQDNLW

/$720%$60$55,7$

6,17(6,

'XUDQWHOHULFHUFKHDUFKHRORJLFKHGHOOD]RQDGHOFHQWURFRPPHUFLDOH/HFOHUFD0DULERUVRQRVWDWLULQYHQXWLGHL ULWURYDPHQWL GL DUPLOOH D GRUVR FRVWRODWR LQ EURQ]R FKH SRVVRQR HVVHUH FODVVLILFDWL FRPH SDUWH GHO FRUUHGR GHOOD WRPEDGLXQDGRQQDULVDOHQWHDOOD3ULPDHWiGHO)HUUR/HWUDFFHGHOOHVLVWHQ]DGHOWXPXORQRQVRQRYLVLELOLTXLQGLVL VXSSRQHFKHLUHVWLVLDQRVWDWLGLVWUXWWLGDOOLQWHVDDUDWXUD0ROWHWRPEHFRQWHQHQWLQXPHURVHDUPLOOHGLEURQ]RVRQR VWDWHVFRSHUWHQHOOHYLFLQDQ]HGHLWXPXOLD/HSDUDYQDH5D]YDQMHFRPHDQFKHLWXPXOLD.OHLQNOHLQHD%UHJ)UyJLQ

$XVWULD6LWUDWWDGLWRPEHGLGRQQHDEELHQWLFKHWHVWLPRQLDQRORVWDWXVGHOOHGHIXQWHJUD]LHDOOHSDUWLFRQVHUYDWHGHL FRVWXPLWUDGL]LRQDOL

3DUROHFKLDYHDUFKHRORJLD3ULPDHWjGHO)HUURWRPEHIHPPLQLOLDUPLOOHGLEURQ]R

(2)

.RVHMHSUHGÌHSROGUXJLPGHVHWOHWMHPVOHGHáPHG QDURGQLP QDáLQRP GHORYDQMD VORYHQVND DUKHRORÊND VWURNDRUJDQL]LUDODWHUYNOMXáLODYSURMHNWL]JUDGQMHDYWR FHVWQHJDRPUHÌMDVHQL]DYHGDOD NDNR VH ER SRYHáDOD NROLáLQDRGNULWLKDUKHRORÊNLKQDMGLÊáNDNRUDGLNDOQRVH ERVSUHPHQLORQDÊHSR]QDYDQMHSRVHOLWYHSURVWRUDYSUH WHNORVWLWHUNROLNRYHáSRGDWNRYRÌLYOMHQMXYSUHWHNORVWL ERGRSULQHVOHUD]LVNDYH9HáNRWVWROHWMHLQWHQ]LYQLKDU KHRORÊNLK UD]LVNDY MH REOLNRYDOR NRQFHQWULUDQR SR]QD YDQMH R WLVWLK WRáNDK Y SURVWRUX NL VR ]DUDGL GROJR WUDMQHJD GHORYDQMD áORYHÊNLK VNXSQRVWL Y SUHWHNORVWL VSUHPHQLOH VYRMR QDUDYQR REOLNR Ÿ DUKHRORJLMD MH ELOD XVPHUMHQD SUHGYVHP QD QDMGLÊáD YLGQD WXGL V SURVWLP RáHVRP9SRNUDMLQLVRELODQHPDSULáDSRQDYOMDMRáLKVH NXOWXUQLK SURFHVRY WHU QHVSUHPLQMDQMD UDEH SURVWRUD 2WLSOMLYLYLUL]DSR]QDYDQMHVSUHPHPEL]UDEHSRNUDMLQH YSUHWHNORVWLSDVRELOL RPHMHQL SUHGYVHP QD QDNOMXáQH QDMGEH NL SD ] UHGNR SUHSR]QDQLP NRQWHNVWRP QLVR RPRJRáDOH NXOWXUQR]JRGRYLQVNH UHNRQVWUXNFLMH GUXÌEH QLK LQ QDUDYQLK SURFHVRY NL VR YRGLOL GR REOLNRYDQMD DUKHRORÊNLK ]DSLVRY ,QWHQ]LYQH UD]LVNDYH YHOLNLK SRYU ÊLQVRVSUHPHQLOHSRGRERDUKHRORJLMHŸSUHGYVHPSDVH MH RGSUOD PRÌQRVW ]D SUHQRV WHÌLÊáD UD]LVNDY V VDPLK SUHGPHWRYQDSURVWRUWHUSUHGPHWHYSURVWRUX]DSUHQRV SR]RUQRVWLL]RSLVRYDQMDQDMGENSLVDQMX]JRGRYLQHSUR VWRUD

(QR L]PHG SRGURáLM NMHU VH MH NROLáLQD SRGDWNRY R UD]SURVWUDQMHQRVWL DUKHRORÊNHJD ]DSLVD L] UD]OLáQLK REGRELMREáXWQRSRYHáDODMHUDYQLFDREY]QRÌMXVNUDM QLKY]KRGQLKREURQNRY3RKRUMD1D]DKRGXRPHMHQDV SRKRUVNLPL SRERáML QD VHYHUX V WRNRP UHNH 'UDYH WHU PHGREHPDOHÌHáLP0DULERURPVHRGSLUDSURWLY]KRGX Y'UDYVNRSROMH*UH]DSURVWRUNMHUVRVHXUEDQLFHQWUL ÊLULWHYYDÊNLKMHGHUWHULQGXVWULMVNLKLQWUJRYVNLKFRQNRW WXGLL]JUDGQMDQRYLKNUDNRYFHVWQHJDRPUHÌMDY]DGQMLK GYHK GHVHWOHWMLK JORERNR ]DMHGOL Y QHNGDM REVHÌQH UDY QLQVNH SROMHGHOVNH SRYUÊLQH =DUDGL QDUDYQLK GDQRVWL WUDGLFLMHSRWLPHGVWDULPLVUHGLÊáLWHUVNUEL]DRKUDQLWHY SROMHGHOVNLKSRYUÊLQMHYHáLQDSRVHJRYELODRPHMHQDQD QHNDM NLORPHWURY ÊLURN SDV NL VH GRWLND SRKRUVNHJD Y]QRÌMD 1D WHP REPRáMX VR ELOH UD]LVNDQH REVHÌQH SRYUÊLQHNDWHULKUH]XOWDWLVRVSUHPHQLOLQDÊHSR]QDYDQMH SUHWHNOLKY]RUFHYSRVHOLWYHSURVWRUD

,QÊWLWXW ]D GHGLÊáLQR 6UHGR]HPOMD 8QLYHU]H QD 3UL PRUVNHP MH PHG LQ DSULORP L]YHGHO DU KHRORÊNL VRQGDÌQL SUHJOHG ]HPOMLÊáD ERGRáHJD WUJRY VNHJD FHQWUD ( /HFOHUF QD MXÌQHP REUREMX 0DULERUD 1DRNROLNYDGUDWQLKPHWULKUD]LVNDQHJDSURVWRUD VRELOHSROMHGHOVNHSRYUÊLQHGHORPDWXGLJUDPR]QLFHNL VR VOXÌLOH NRW GHSRQLMH ]D VPHWL 6WURMQR VRQGLUDQMH Y PUHÌL MH REVHJDOR RGVWRWND SRYUÊLQH LQ QD UD]

LVNDQHP REPRáMX VNXSQH SRYUÊLQH NYDGUDWQLK PHWURY MH ELOR RGNULWLK VWUXNWXU =JROM GYH SUD ]JRGRYLQVNL JURE LQ ULPVNRGREQD MDPD VWD ELOL DUKH RORÊNR]DQLPLYL'UXJHREVHJDMRWULYNRSHEUH]QDMGELQ MLKQHPRUHPRáDVRYQR XUD]YUVWLWL RVHP ERPEQLK OLMD

NRY L] REGREMD NRQFD GUXJH VYHWRYQH YRMQH WHU GYH YHOLNL GHSRQLML VPHWL =D SUHYHUER PRUHELWQLK GUXJLK VWUXNWXU VR ELOH RNROL ULPVNHJD REMHNWD 6( ERPE QHJDOLMDND6(SUD]JRGRYLQVNHJDJURED6(WHU QRYRGREQH GHSRQLMH VPHWL 6( L]YHGHQH UD]ÊLULWYH DUKHRORÊNHJDL]NRSD

1DY]KRGQLVWUDQLMXÌQHJDGHOD]HPOMLÊáDMHELODWLN SRG RUQLFR LQ QDG JHRORÊNR RVQRYR RGNULWD VNXSLQD EURQDVWLK]DSHVWQLFŸ6(PHGNDWHULPLMHELORWXGL QHNDMGUREFHYNRVWLLQRJOMD*UREQDMDPDQLELODYLGQD LQSUDYWDNRQLELORVOHGLPRUHELWQHJDYNRSDRERGQHJD MDUND JRPLOH DOL JUREQH SDUFHOH 3R SUHJOHGX Y EOLÌLQL L]NRSDQH ]HPOMH NDU VHYHGD YNOMXáXMH WXGL RUQLFR V ÊLUÊHJD REPRáMD MH ELOR RGNULWLK RGORPNRY NHUDPLNH WHU RGORPNL ÌHOH]D 1HNDM RGORPNRY NHUDPLNH ODKNR ]DJRWRYR XYUVWLPR Y SUD]JRGRYLQR QH PRUHPR SD GRORáLWLQMLKRYHJDL]YRUDŸSULáHPHUMHQDMYHUMHWQHMHGD L]YLUDMRL]RUQLFHL]EOLÌQMHRNROLFH

1D SRGODJL Y RJQMX SRÊNRGRYDQLK ]QDáLOQLK QDUHE UHQLK]DSHVWQLFGRPQHYDPRGDJUHYHUMHWQR]DGHOLQ YHQWDUMD ÌHQVNHJD JURED L] VWDUHMÊH ÌHOH]QH GREH 9 GRPQHYQHP JUREX 6( MH ELOR RGORPNRY NL MLK ODKNR UHNRQVWUXLUDPR NRW RVWDQNH QDMPDQM R]LURPD QDMYHá EURQDVWLK QDUHEUHQLK ]DSHVWQLF Ÿ WHU RGORPNL]DSHVWQLFHDOLRYUDWQLFHL]EURQDVWHSORáHYLQH]

]DWLáHP

'HOQR RKUDQMHQD EURQDVWD QDUHEUHQD ]DSHVWQLFD .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL VR QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL VNOHQMHQL JORERNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL 5HEUD VR SUDYRNRWQH REOLNH 'LPHQ]LMH GHEHOLQD FP ÊLULQD FP LQ GROÌLQD FP3UHPHURGSUWLQHMHNUDWFP

2GORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDO áNLPHGUHEULVRQDQRWUDQMLVWUDQLVNOHQMHQLJORERNLLQ RVWUR YUH]DQL 5HEUD VR SUDYRNRWQH REOLNH 'LPHQ]LMH GHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

%URQDVWD QDUHEUHQD ]DSHVWQLFD .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL VR SOLWNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL5HEUDVRUDKOR]DREOMHQD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQD FPÊLULQDFPLQ GROÌLQD FP 3UHPHU RGSU WLQHMHNUDWFP

'HOQR RKUDQMHQD GHIRUPLUDQD EURQDVWD QDUHEUH QD]DSHVWQLFD.DQDOáNLPHGUHEULQDQRWUDQMLVWUDQLQLVR VNOHQMHQL .DQDOáNL VR SOLWNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL 5HEUD VR UDKOR]DREOMHQD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPÊLULQD FPLQGROÌLQDFP

%URQDVWD QDUHEUHQD ]DSHVWQLFD .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL VR SOLWNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL5HEUDVRUDKOR]DREOMHQD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQD FP ÊLULQD FP LQ GROÌLQD FP 3UHPHU RG SUWLQHMHNUDWFP

'HOQR RKUDQMHQD EURQDVWD QDUHEUHQD ]DSHVWQLFD .DQDOáNLPHGUHEULQDQRWUDQMLVWUDQLQLVRVNOHQMHQLVR SOLWNLLQRVWURYUH]DQL5HEUDVRUDKOR]DREOMHQD'LPHQ ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPÊLULQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP 3UHPHURGSUWLQHMHNUDWFP

0DQMÊLRGORPHNGHIRUPLUDQHEURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH

(3)

]DSHVWQLFH .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL.DQDOáNLLQUHEUDVRSRSROQRPDGHIRUPLUDQLŸ

VWDOMHQL2GORPHNMHPRáQRSUHÌJDQ'LPHQ]LMHGHEH OLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

0DQMÊL RGORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDOáNLPHGUHEULQDQRWUDQMLVWUDQLQLVRVNOHQMHQLVR JORERNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL 5HEUD VR UDKOR ]DREOMHQD 'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

2GORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDO áNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL VR JOR ERNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL 5HEUD VR UDKOR ]DREOMHQD 'L PHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

9HáML RGORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDOáNLPHGUHEULSRWHNDMRRNROL]DSHVWQLFHŸVRSOLWNL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL SD VR ÊH SOLWNHMÊL 5HEUD VR UDKOR ]DREOMHQD 'LPHQ]LMH GHEHOLQD FP LQ GROÌLQD FP

2GORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDO áNL PHG UHEUL SRWHNDMR RNROL ]DSHVWQLFH Ÿ VR SOLWNL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL SD VR ÊH SOLWNHMÊL 5HEUD VR UDKOR ]D REOMHQD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

2GORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .D QDOáNLPHGUHEULSRWHNDMRRNROL]DSHVWQLFHŸVRSOLWNLQD QRWUDQML VWUDQL SD VR ÊH SOLWNHMÊL 5HEUD VR UDKOR ]D REOMHQD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

'HOQRRKUDQMHQDGHIRUPLUDQDEURQDVWDQDUHEUHQD ]DSHVWQLFD .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL1D]DSHVWQLFLVH]DPHQMXMHMRGHEHOHMÊDUDKOR ]DREOMHQD UHEUD ] JORERNLPL NDQDOáNL UHEUD LQ QDUH]DQLGHOL3UHáQLYUH]L[LQ[WYRULMR]JROM SOLWNH NDQDOáNH SUHNR QMLK SD SRWHNDMR ÊH SRÊHYQL YUH]L 'LPHQ]LMH GHEHOLQD FP ÊLULQD FP LQ GROÌLQDFP

2GORPHN EURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDO áNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL 1D ]D SHVWQLFLVH]DPHQMXMHMRGHEHOHMÊDUDKOR]DREOMHQDUHEUD ] JORERNLPL NDQDOáNL UHEUD LQ QDUH]DQL GHOL 3UHáQL YUH]L[[LQ[WYRULMR]JROMSOLWNHNDQDOáNH SUHNR QMLK SD SRWHNDMR ÊH SRÊHYQL YUH]L 'LPHQ]LMH GHEHOLQDFPLQGROÌLQDFP

0DQMÊLRGORPHNGHIRUPLUDQHEURQDVWH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH .DQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL1D]DSHVWQLFLVH]DPHQMXMHMRGHEHOHMÊDUDKOR ]DREOMHQD UHEUD ] JORERNLPL NDQDOáNL UHEUD LQ QD UH]DQL GHOL 3UHáQLYUH]L [ [ LQ [ WYRULMR ]JROM SOLWNH NDQDOáNH SUHNR QMLK SD SRWHNDMR ÊH SR ÊHYQLYUH]L'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQD FP LQ GROÌLQD FP

2GORPHN SORáHYLQDVWH ]DSHVWQLFH ] YGHWLP NRQ FHP " 1D QRWUDQML VWUDQL RGSUWD ]DSHVWQLFD MH QD ]X QDQML VWUDQL RNUDÊHQD V VQRSL OLQLM PHG NDWHULPL VH Y SROMLK QDKDMDMR FLNFDN RUQDPHQWL L]YHGHQL ] GYHPD YUH]RPD'LPHQ]LMHGHEHOLQDFPÊLULQDFPLQ GROÌLQDFP

3ULQDUHEUHQLK]DSHVWQLFDKMHRáLWQRGDJUHYQHND WHULKSULPHULK]DWLS]UDKORSUHVHJDMRáLPDNRQFHPD

.OMXE SRGREQRVWL MLK ODKNR UD]OLNXMHPR QD SRGODJL GROÌLQH NDQDOáNRY QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL UD]PDND DOL VWLND R]LURPD QDGDOMHYDQMD NDQDOáND RNROL ]DSHVWQLFH JOR ELQHNDQDOáNRYPHGUHEUL]DREOMHQRVWLUHEHUWHUUD]áOH QMHQRVWL QDUHEUHQLK LQ QDUH]DQLK GHORY 7DNR SUYL SDU WYRULWD]DSHVWQLFLNMHUVRNDQDOáNLPHGUHEULQDQRWUDQML VWUDQL VNOHQMHQL JORERNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL UHEUD SD VR SUDYRNRWQHREOLNH'UXJLSDUDOLSDPRUGDFHORWUL ]DSHVWQLFH WYRULWD ]DSHVWQLFL LQ RGORPHN NMHU NDQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QRWUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL VR SOLWNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL UHEUD SD VR UDKOR ]DREOMHQD 7UHWMR VNXSLQR WUL ]DSHVWQLFH DOL FHOR GYD SDUD WYRULMR ]DSHVWQLFH LQ RGORPNL NMHU NDQDOáNL PHG UHEUL QD QR WUDQML VWUDQL QLVR VNOHQMHQL VR SOLWNL LQ RVWUR YUH]DQL UHEUDSDVRUDKOR]DREOMHQDàHWUWRVNXSLQR SDUDOLFHORWUL]DSHVWQLFHWYRULMRRGORPNLNMHUNDQDOáNL PHG UHEUL SRWHNDMR RNROL ]DSHVWQLFH VR SOLWNL QD QR WUDQML VWUDQL SD VR ÊH SOLWNHMÊL UHEUD SD VR UDKOR ]D REOMHQD Ÿ 3HWR VNXSLQR WUHK ]DSHVWQLF WYRULMR RGORPNLNMHUNDQDOáNLPHGUHEULQDQRWUDQMLVWUDQLQLVR VNOHQMHQL1D]DSHVWQLFLVH]DPHQMXMHMRGHEHOHMÊDUDKOR ]DREOMHQDUHEUD]JORERNLPLNDQDOáNLUHEUDLQGHOL]

YUH]L 3UHáQL YUH]L WYRULMR ]JROM SOLWNH NDQDOáNH SUHNR QMLKSD SRWHNDMR ÊH SRÊHYQL YUH]L Ÿ 3RVHEQRVW SDSUHGVWDYOMDPRáQRUD]ORPOMHQRGORPHNSORáHYLQDVWH ]DSHVWQLFH]YGHWLPNRQFHPLQ]DWLáHP1DQRWUDQML VWUDQLRGSUWD]DSHVWQLFDMHQD ]XQDQMLVWUDQL RNUDÊHQDV VQRSL OLQLM PHG NDWHULPL VH Y SROMLK QDKDMDMR FLNFDN RNUDVLL]YHGHQL]GYHPDYUH]RPD6ODEDRKUDQMHQRVWQH RPRJRáDQMHQHUHNRQVWUXNFLMH

.URQRORÊNR ODKNR QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH L] GRPQHY QHJD JURED ] /HFOHUFD Ÿ QD SRGODJL SULPHUMDY ] QDMG EDPL L] EOLÌQMH JRPLOH QD /HSL UDYQL V SULGDWNL QD UHEUHQLK ]DSHVWQLF EURQDVWHJD SDVX ] YHULÌLFR WHU ]D SHVWQLFH]]DQNDPLŸXYUVWLPRYáDVPHGSR]QLP+D&

WHUVWDUHMÊLP+D'7HUÌDQŸ

5$=35$9$

9QHSRVUHGQLEOLÌLQLUD]LVNDY]DL]JUDGQMRWUJRYVNHJD FHQWUD/HFOHUFMHELORUD]LVNDQLKYHáDUKHRORÊNLKQDMGLÊá SUL áHPHU VWD QDMEOLÌMD ULPVND YLOD Y %RKRYL NL VH Y MXJRY]KRGQHP YRJDOX WDNR UHNRá GRWLND ]HPOMLÊáD /H FOHUFWHUQHNDMVWRPHWURYMXJRY]KRGQRRGGDOMHQDSUD ]JRGRYLQVNDQDVHOELQDY5RJR]L9EOLÌQML%RKRYLMHELOD RGNULWD ULPVND YLOD L] SUHGPDUNRPDQVNHJD REGREMD ]D NDWHUR GRPQHYDPR GD VH MH QDKDMDOD Y EOLÌLQL ULPVNH FHVWH SRG 3RKRUMHP NL MH ]QRWUDM XSUDYQLK PHMD SUR YLQFH 1RULN SRYH]RYDOD )ODYLR 6ROYR LQ &HOHLR 9LOD MH ELOD SRVWDYOMHQD QD YLÊML GUDYVNL WHUDVL QD NDWHUL VH QDKDMD WXGL MXÌQL GHO SUHJOHGDQHJD ]HPOMLÊáD /HFOHUFD 6WUPáQLN*XOLáŸ9EOLÌQML5RJR]LSDVR ELOL RGNULWL SRVHOLWYHQL RVWDQNL L] PODMÊH EURQDVWH LQ VWDUHMÊHÌHOH]QHGREH6WUPáQLN*XOLáŸ

2EHQDMGLÊáLQDND]XMHWDSRPHQUDYQLFHREY]QRÌMX3R KRUMDYSUHWHNORVWL'RPQHYDPRODKNRGDMHELOSURVWRU

(4)

XSRUDEOMDQ QD SRGREHQ QDáLQ NRW GDQHV Ÿ ]D SROMHGHO VWYRNLJDMHRPRJRáDODGRNDMYLVRNDNRQVWDQWQDYODJD WHJDREPRáMD3RNUDMLQRVRUD]áOHQMHYDOLÊWHYLOQLPDQMÊL SRWRNL V SRKRUVNHJD Y]QRÌMD NDWHULK SRWHN VH MH VSUH PLQMDOVNR]LáDV

9 VYRML UD]SUDYL R ]JRGRYLQL RNROLFH 5D]YDQMD MH 6WDQNR 3DKLá RPHQLO PRÌQRVW GD PRUGD VPHPR QD ÊLUÊHPREPRáMXRG5D]YDQMDGR3LYROHSULáDNRYDWLWXGL RVWDQNHÌHOH]QRGREQHQDVHOELQHYUDYQLFL9SULGWHPX JRYRUHVNXSLQHJRPLORGGDOMHQHRGQDVHOELQHQD3RÊWHOL RSR]RULOSDMHWXGLGDVRELOHÊWHYLOQHJRPLOH]DJRWRYR XQLáHQH 3DKLá Ÿ ,QWHQ]LYQH UD]LVNDYH Y SURVWRUXVRNPDOXSULQHVOHSRWUGLWHYL]UHáHQHGRPQHYH SULL]NRSDYDQMLKY5RJR]LVRELOHYUDYQLQVNHPSUHGHOX RGNULWHWXGLÊWLULJRPLOHL]VWDUHMÊHÌHOH]QHGREH=DUDGL LQWHQ]LYQHSROMHGHOVNHL]UDEH]HPOMLÊáDVRELOLRKUDQMHQL ]JROM ÊH VSRGQML NRPDM UD]SR]QDYQL RVWDQNL JRPLO 6WUPáQLN*XOLá3UDYQDSRGODJL VLVWHPDWLáQR SUHJOHGDQHJD ]HPOMLÊáD /HFOHUF VL ODKNR XVWYDULPR YWLV R GHMDYQLNLK NL VR YVDM Y ]DGQMLK ÊHVW GHVHWLK OHWLK REOLNRYDOL YLGH] WHJD GHOD SRNUDMLQH PHG 0DULERURP LQ +RáDPL 2áLWQD LQWHQ]LYQD SROMHGHOVND L]UDED ]HPOMLÊáD ] JORERNLP RUDQMHP YHáMD LQ PDQMÊD GHSRQLMDVPHWLNLVWDELOLQDMYHUMHWQHMHQDVXWLYQHNGDQMH JUDPR]QLFH WHU NDVQHMH ]DVXWL ] QDYRÌHQR LQ QDULQMHQR ]HPOMRLQWHQ]LYQRERPEDUGLUDQMH RE NRQFX GUXJH VYH WRYQHYRMQHWHUNDVQHMÊH]DVLSDYDQMHERPEQLKOLMDNRYVR ]DJRWRYR REáXWQR VSUHPHQLOL SRGRER REPRáMD 6NRUDM VR XQLáLOL RVWDQNH WHU ]DEULVDOL VOHGL VWDUHMÊLK GHMDYQRVWL LQPRUHELWQLKL]VWRSDMRáLKDUKHRORÊNLKVWUXNWXU

2EVHÌQD ÌHOH]QRGREQD JRPLOQD JURELÊáD VH QDKD MDMR RE Y]QRÌMLK WHU QD SUYLK REURQNLK 3RKRUMD WLN SRG 3RÊWHOVNR QDVHOELQR QD /HSL UDYQL WHU QD SURVWRUX PHG 5D]YDQMHP LQ 6SRGQMLPL +RáDPL 9 RVUHGQMHP GHOX HQHJDRGWHKJURELÊáDQD/HSLUDYQLWLNSRG3RÊWHORVR ELOH Y JRPLOL RGNULWH QDMGEH NL VR ÊH QDMEROM SRGREQH SUHGVWDYOMHQHPX RGNULWMX 9 SUHJOHGX DUKHRORÊNLK UD]

LVNDYQDREPRáMX0DULERUDMH3DKLáRSR]RULOQDGHMVWYR GDRL]NRSDYDQMLKQDJRPLOQLKJURELÊáLKSRG3RÊWHORQD /HSLUDYQLNLMLKMHOHWDL]YDMDOWHGDQMLGLMDN9ODGR /RUEHU QL ELOR QLáHVDU REMDYOMHQHJD 3DKLá 2G RGNULWLK SUHGPHWRY VH Y 3RNUDMLQVNHP PX]HMX 0DULERU QDKDMDMR ]JROM RGORPNL QDUHEUHQLK EURQDVWLK ]DSHVWQLF WHUáOHQNL EURQDVWHJD SDVX 3DKLá 3ULáHPHUMHRGNRYLQVNLKQDMGEODKNRGRORáLOYPX]HMX OHÊHYRJQMXSUHÊJDQHLQGHOQRVSRSULMHWHRVWDQNHQD UHEUHQLK ]DSHVWQLF WHU ßOHQNH EURQDVWHJD SDVX Y RSRPELSDMH]DSLVDOGDYVHRKUDQMHQHNRYLQVNHQDMGEH L]YLUDMRL]JRPLOH3DKLá7 7DNRVRGDQHV]UDYHQRVPLKQDUHEUHQLK]DSHVWQLFRKUD QMHQLWXGLRVWDQNLSDVQHJDUQLWXUHL]SORáHYLQDVWHVSRQH WHU REHVNRY NHUDPLáQH SRVRGH L] JURED SD VR ELOH L]

JXEOMHQH7HUÌDQŸ7

3UYH SRGREQH QDMGEH RGNULWH SUL VLVWHPDWLáQLK UD]

LVNDYDK SD VR SULÊOH QD GDQ OHWD NR MH HNLSD

=9.'6 SRG YRGVWYRP 0LUH 6WUPáQLN*XOLá UD]LVNDOD

SRÊNRGRYDQR JRPLOR Y 5D]YDQMX .OMXE RSOHQMHQMX Y SUHWHNORVWL VR ELOH Y JUREQLFL RGNULWL GHOL LQYHQWDUMD RGORPNLNHUDPLáQLKSRVRGÌHOH]QLRGORPNLLQÌHOH]QD VXOLáQD RVW YLMáNL GYH VWHNOHQL LQ HQD MDQWDUQD MDJRGD ÌHOH]QL RGORPNL RNUDÊHQL GHOFLNRVWL RGORPHN ]ODWD LQ ÊWHYLOHQ Y RJQMX SRÊNRGRYDQ EURQDVW QDNLW PHG QMLP WXGLQDUHEUHQH]DSHVWQLFH1DMGEHVRELOHRGNULWHYGYHK NRQFHQWUDFLMDKNDUMHVNXSDM]GHMVWYRPGDVRELOLRG NULWLWDNRSULGDWNL]QDáLOQL]DPRÊNHNRWWXGLWLVWL]QD áLOQL ]D ÌHQVNH YRGLOR L]NRSDYDWHOMLFR N GRPQHYL GD JUH Y SULPHUX UD]LVNDQH JRPLOH ]D ERJDW Y SUHWHNORVWL RSOHQMHQGYRMHQJURE6WUPáQLN*XOLá1D WDQáQHMÊD SUHGVWDYLWHY LQ DQDOL]D SULGDWNRY ÊH QL ELOD REMDYOMHQD]DSHVWQLFHL]JRPLOH]/HSHUDYQHSDVR SUHYHáGHIRUPLUDQHLQUD]ORPOMHQHGDELRPRJRáDOHQD WDQáQHMÊR SUHSR]QDYR ]DSHVWQLF V VNOHQMHQLPL DOL SUH VHJDMRáLPLNRQFL

2EURáDVWQDNLWMHGREUR]DVWRSDQWXGLPHGÌHQVNLPL JUREQLPL SULGDWNL WHU QDVHOELQVNLP JUDGLYRP Y GYHK VUHGLÊáLK VWDUHMÊH ÌHOH]QH GREH QD REPRáMX DYVWULMVNH ÉWDMHUVNHLQ.RURÊNH2GGDOMHQDDNOMXEWHPX]DQLPLYD MHQDMGEDREURáDVWHJDQDNLWDQDJURELÊáXY%UHJX)U{JX QD.RURÊNHP.RWQDYDMD*HUKDUG7RPHGLMHELORYHáMH ÊWHYLORRGORPNRY]DSHVWQLF'SUHVHNDPRáQRSRÊNRGR YDQLKYRJQMXRGNULWLKYFHQWUDOQHPSRNRSXERMHYQLÊNL JUREYJRPLOL.%7HUÌDQVLFHUSUHG YLGHYDGDJUH]DHQR]DSHVWQLFRDYWRUSDPHQLGDJUH ]D RGORPNH YHáLK ]DSHVWQLF 7RPHGL 9 SULPHUX QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH NL MH SULÊOD Y PX]HM NRW QDNOMXáQDQDMGEDPHQLGDL]YLUDL]QDNQDGQLKSRNRSRY L]REUREMDJRPLOHLQGDMHPODMÊDQDSRGODJLDQDORJLMV SRGREQLPL L] 1RYHJD PHVWD 7RPHGL 7

=D QDÊR UD]SUDYR VWD SRPHPEQHMÊD QDVHOELQD LQ JURELÊáH Y .OHLQNOHLQX 2GORPND QDUHEUHQHJD REURáD VWHJD QDNLWD SR]QDPR L] QDVHOELQVNH VRQGH ,D LQ VLFHU QDSODYLQVNH SODVWL 'RELDW 7 2G ORPND ]DSHVWQLF VWD ELOD RGNULWD Y SULSDGDMRáL JRPLOL 7VFKRQHJJHUIUDQ]O2GORPNDRáLWQRGHIRUPLUDQLKQD UHEUHQLKEURQDVWLK]DSHVWQLFHQHRNUDÊHQHGRPQHYQR]

YUH]LWHUGUXJHRVWURQDUH]DQHVWD GDQHV L]JXEOMHQD WHU

&ODXV 'RELDW ]JROM SUHULVDO SR REMDYDK 'RELDW 79JRPLOLVHMHQDKDMDORYHáNRQFHQWUDFLM ÌJDQLQHQDUD]OLáQLKQLYRMLKNDUMH&ODXVD'RELDWDQD YDMDOR N KLSRWH]L R YHáNUDWQLK SRNRSLK 'RELDW

9Há REURáDVWHJD QDNLWD MH ELOR Y XQLáHQL JRPLOL QHNDMRGRJQMDPRáQRGHIRUPLUDQLKEURQDVWLK]DSHVWQLF SUL áHPHU MH DYWRU SUHGVWDYLO OH NL VR ELOH Y FHORWL R]LURPDQHNROLNREROMHRKUDQMHQH0HGQMLPLVWDPDQMÊD SUHPHUD GR FP LQ YHáMD VNOHQMHQD ]DSHVWQLFD SUHPHUDFP'RELDW7.DVQHMHMH

%7HUÌDQL]LVWHJRPLOHREMDYLODQDUHEUHQLK]DSHVWQLF SRONURÌQHJD SUHVHND 7HUÌDQ 6O Ÿ 3UDYWDNRMHPHGQDMGEDPLNLMLK'RELDWQLREMDYLOLQEL ODKNR SRMDVQLOH NURQRORÊNR VWDURVW JURED RSR]RULOD QD

(5)

RGORPHNGROJRQRÌQHQL]NHEURQDVWHILEXOH]QDUHEUHQLP ORNRPWHURGORPHNQRJLFHILEXOHRNUDÊHQH]YUH]L7HU ÌDQ6O7HUÌDQ6O

6ÊLUÊHJDREPRáMDJURELÊáDY.OHLQNOHLQXL]YLUDMRÊH SRGREQHQDMGEH9RSRPELÊWHYLOND'RELDWQDYDMD GD VH Y 'HÌHOQHP PX]HMX -RDQQHXP Y *UDGFX QDKDMD YHáMHÊWHYLORRGORPNRYJODGNLKLQQDUHEUHQLK]DSHVWQLF NLPRUGDL]YLUDMRL]JRPLOH7VFKRQHJJHUIUDQ]OáHSUDY GRSXÊáD PRÌQRVW GD VR L] GUXJLK JRPLO NRW VR QD SULPHU :HLVHQNDLVHU )RUVWZDOG .€UELVFKDQVO WHU .€UELVFKEDXHU'RELDW9]YH]LVVOHGQMLPLMH PHQLOGDYWUHWMLQDMPODMÊLID]LJURELÊáDSUHYODGXMHSR ODJDQMH ÌJDQLQH NDU QD QHNGDQMD WOD SUHNR NDWHUH MH SRWHP QDVXWDJRPLOD R]LURPD GD QDM EL ELOL SRNRMQLNL SRJRVWR VHÌJDQL NDU QD PHVWX NDVQHMÊHJD SRNRSD *UH ]D REGREMH NR VR QDVWDMDOH YHáMH JRPLOH V NDPQLWLPL JUREQLPL NRPRUDPL ]DNQHÊMH SRNRSH 'RELDW

1DáLQ SRNRSD L] .OHLQNOHLQD MH ]DQLPLY ]DUDGL SUL PHUMDYH] QDMGER L] /HFOHUFDNMHU VR ELOH ]DSHVWQLFH ] UHGNLPLGUREFLRJOMDLQRÌJDQLKNRVWLSUDYWDNRSRORÌHQH QDWHGDQMRKRGQRSRYUÊLQRPRUHELWQDJRPLODSDMHELOD NDVQHMHXQLáHQD3RGREHQQDáLQSRNRSDNDÌHWXGLVNLFD JRPLOHQD/HSLUDYQLNMHUMHQDULVELLQYHQWDUJURED ]ORÌHQ QD QHNGDQMD WOD 9 EHVHGLOX % 7HUÌDQ VLFHU QDYDMDYHOLNRVWJUREQHMDPHNDWHUHGQRMHELORSUHNULWR ]RVWDQNLKUDVWRYLKGHVN.DÌHGDVWHQHJUREQHNRPRUH QLVR ELOH ]LGDQH L] NDPHQMD DPSDN VR ELOL SRVDPH]QL NDPQL]JROMYYRJDOLKVWHQHSDVRELOHRáLWQR]JUDMHQH L] GHVN WHU SUHPD]DQH ] JOLQHQLP RPHWRP 7HUÌDQ

9HQGDUSDPRUGDODKNRRSD]XMHPRQHNDWHUHSRGRE QRVWLWDNRGRPQHYQLJUREVSDUFHOHGDQDÊQMHJD/HFOHUFD NRW WXGL JRPLOD 7VFRQHJJHUIUDQ]O WHU GUXJLJURERYL L]

QDMPODMÊH ID]H JURELÊáD Y .OHLQNOHLQX SR & 'RELDWX YVHEXMHMRSULGDWNHSRORÌHQHQDWODWHUSUHNRQMLKQDVXWR JRPLOR *RPLOD ] /HSH UDYQH NRW WXGL GRPQHYQL SRNRS L] /HFOHUFD QH YVHEXMHWD ]LGDQH NRQVWUXNFLMH JUREQHNRPRUH6HYHGDáHGRPQHYDPRGDSULVOHGQMHP WD QL ELOD XQLáHQD NDU MH PDQM YHUMHWQR NHU EL SRWHP YHUMHWQR ELOH WXGL QDMGEH UD]YOHáHQH LQ SRÊNRGRYDQH 9VHP WUHP SRNRSRP SD MH VNXSQR GD YVHEXMHMR YHáMR NROLáLQR Y RJQMX GHIRUPLUDQHJD QDUHEUHQHJD REURáD VWHJDQDNLWD'UXJDáQDSDMHVLWXDFLMDSULJRPLOLY5D]

YDQMXNMHUVWDELODGRPQHYQRSRNRSDQDGYDSRNRMQLND YPRQXPHQWDOQLJUREQLFL]JUDMHQLL]NDPHQMD9RSRP EDK N EHVHGLOX R JURELÊáX Y .OHLQNOHLQX MH 7HUÌDQRYD RPHQLODPRÌQRVWGDVRQDJURELÊáLKWLSLSRNRSDRGYLVQL WXGLRGGUXJLKLQOHNURQRORÊNLKGHMDYQLNRY2PHQLODMH PRÌQRVW VSROD VWDURVWL WHU VWDQX SRNRSDQHJD 7HUÌDQ

=DSULND]IHQRPHQDMHSRWUHEQRSRQRYQRL]SRVWDYLWL NXOWXUQRVSHFLILNRÊWDMHUVNHJDSURVWRUDYVWDUHMÊLÌHOH]QL GREL3ULDQDOL]LSRNRSDL]3LYROHVWD06WUPáQLN*XOLá LQ % 7HUÌDQ RSR]RULOL GD SULGDWNL QDND]XMHMR SRNRM

QLNRYRYNOMXáHQRVWY PRGQHVWDQGDUGHVUHGQMHHYURSVNH ERMHYQLÊNH HOLWH QDáLQ SRNRSD V IUDJPHQWDFLMR LQ VH ÌLJDQMHP QDMGE SD MH JORERNR ]DVLGUDQ Y ORNDOQH WUD GLFLMH6WUPáQLN*XOLá7HUÌDQ3RGREQRVWD YVYRMLÊWXGLML]ODWHJDQDNLWDL]ÌHQVNLKJURERYGROHQMVNH VNXSLQH 0LWMD *XÊWLQ LQ $QGUHM 3UHORÌQLN QD SRGODJL SULORÌHQHJDQDPHUQRXQLáHQHJDQDNLWDRPHQMDODREUHG QRXQLáHQMHSUL SRNRSX NLJD SR]QDPR NRW UHGHN REL áDM YHáLQRPD SRYH]DQ ] RURÌMHP *XÊWLQ 3UHORÌQLN 1D SRGODJL SULPHUMDYH QHNDWHULK ÌHQVNLK JURERY V ÊWHYLOáQHMÊLPL QDMGEDPL QDUHEUHQHJD REURáD VWHJD QDNLWD V SRGURáMD VNXSLQH *OHQ.OHLQ0DUWLMDQHF WHUEOLÌQMHJD%UHJDNMHUVRELOH]DSHVWQLFHVLVWHPDWLáQR XQLáHQHYRJQMXODKNRGRPQHYDPRGDMHRELáDMREUHG QHJDXQLáHYDQMDYVHERYDOXQLáHQMHWDNRPRÊNLKRURÌMH NRW WXGL ÌHQVNLK QDNLW JUREQLK SULGDWNRY 9HOLND NHSD GHIRUPLUDQLKWHUSRQHNRGFHOR]OHSOMHQLK]DSHVWQLFNRW MLKSR]QDPR]/HSH5DYQH.OHLQNOHLQDLQ]/HFOHUFDWHU WXGL%UHJDGRSXÊáDGYHUD]ODJL3ULWHPVH]GLPRÌQRVW GDMHREVHÌLJXSRNRMQLFDQRVLODQDHQLURNLYHáMHÊWHYLOR ]DSHVWQLFFHORUD]OLáQLKWLSRYPDQMYHUMHWQDDPSDNVR ELOH ]DSHVWQLFH YHUMHWQR YYUHáNL DOLÊDWXOMLNRW SULGDWHN SRORÌHQHQDJUPDGR3RJRVWD]OHSOMHQRVWÊWHYLOQLKNRVRY NDÌH GD VR ELOH VHÌJDQH VNXSDM NDVQHMH SD ]RSHW SR VHEHM ]EUDQH WHU SRQRYQR VNXSDM SULORÌHQH Y JURE 0RUGDFHORUHGNLGUREFLRJOMDWHUGUREFLVHÌJDQLKNRVWL NL VR ELOL RGNULWL PHG SUHSOHWRP ]DSHVWQLF L] /HFOHUFD QDND]XMHMR QD PRÌQRVW GD VR Y ELOL VNXSDM SRORÌHQL Y JURE WXGL SUHRVWDOL RVWDQNL SRNRMQLFH =D UD]OLNR RG REUDYQDYDQHJD REPRáMD SD VR PRUHELWL Y YUHáNDK QD 'ROHQMVNHPYJURERYHSULODJDOLGRGDWQRRSUHPRSRNRM QLF 5D]SRUHGLWHY QDMGE Y JUREX WHU RVWDQNL WNDQLQH L]

JUREDL]JRPLOHL],YDQFDSUL'UXÌLQVNLYDVLNDÌHMR GDMHELODSRNRMQLFDSRNRSDQDVVYRMRQRÊRYJURESDML MHELODSULORÌHQDYUHáND]QHNDWHULPLGRGDWQLPLSUHGPH WL PHG NDWHULPL VWD ]D QDV SRPHPEQL GYH QDUHEUHQL QDQRÌQLFL0LWMD*XÊWLQLQ%RUXW.ULÌRSR]DUMDWDGDJUH ]D SULGDWHN GRGDWQH RSUDYH SRNRMQLFH QDNLWD NL MH ELO QMHQ YHQGDU JD Y WUHQXWNX SRNRSD QL QRVLOD WHPYHá MH ELO SULORÌHQ ]D RQRVWUDQVWYR 2SR]RULOD VWD GD MH ]EL UDQMH GRGDWQHJD QDNLWD NL VRJD QDWR SULODJDOL Y JURE ULWXDONLMHELOSULVRWHQQDPQRJLKQDMGLÊáLKQD'ROHQM VNHP *XÊWLQ .ULÌ Ÿ àH XSRÊWHYDPR GHMVWYR GD WDP SULGDWNRY QLVR VHÌLJDOL DPSDN VR MLK ]JROM EL Y SULPHUX SRGREQHJD ULWXDOD QD ÉWDMHUVNHP QDNLWQL SUHGPHWL VHÌJDQL VNXSDM V SRNRMQLFR ODKNR SUHGVWDYOMDOL]JROMSULORÌHQRGRGDWQRRSUDYRËDOQHSR SROQD QDMGED ] /HFOHUFD QD WD YSUDÊDQMH QH PRUH SR QXGLWLMDVQHJDRGJRYRUD

ÉH YHGQR SD RVWDMD QHNROLNR RGSUWD NURQRORÊND SR ]LFLMD JRERY ] ]DSHVWQLFDPL % 7HUÌDQ MH QD SRGODJL ÊLUÊLKSULPHUMDYWHKQLNRNUDÊHYDQMDQDNLWDRSR]RULODGD MH QD 'ROHQMVNHP Y REGREMX +D & SUHYODGRYDO SUL L]

GHODYLLQGHNRUDFLMLQDNLWDYR]ODVWLVORJYVWROHWMXSD MH ]DáHO SUHYODGRYDWL QDUHEUHQL VORJ 7HUÌDQ 3UDYWDNR&'RELDWPHQLGDSRNRS]]DSHVWQLFDPL

(6)

SULSDGD QDMPODMÊL ID]L JURELÊáD NR QDM EL Y REUHGX SRNRSDELOLYLGQLNXOWXUQLYSOLYL]GROHQMVNHJDREPRáMD 'RELDW 0HG GUXJH QHNROLNR ÊWHYLOQHMÊH QDGUHJLRQDOQH QDNLWQH HOHPHQWH SUL NDWHULK ODKNR SUR GXNFLMVNHFHQWUHSUDYWDNRLÊáHPRQD'ROHQMVNHPSUDY ]DJRWRYR VRGLMR WXGL áROQLáDVWH ILEXOH ÊPDUMHÊNH YDUL DQWHNLVRELODRGNULWHWDNRQD3RÊWHOL%ULQMHYLJRULLQQD 3WXMXWHUYQRYHMÊHPREGREMXWXGLY5RJR]LLQ1RYLWDEOL SUL 0XUVNL 6RERWL 6WUPáQLN*XOLá *XÊWLQ 7LHIHQJUDEHU WHU VRGLMR PHG SRVOHGQMH QDMGEHQDWHKQDMGLÊáLK1MLKRYHGDWDFLMHYáDVSR]QHJD +D & LQ ]JRGQMHJD +D ' NDÌHMR QD VWLNH SURVWRUD Y]KRGQH6ORYHQLMHVSURGXNFLMVNLPLVUHGLÊáLWHKILEXOQD 'ROHQMVNHP 7HUÌDQ *UDKHN Ÿ YHQGDU VR VOHGQMH QD 'ROHQMVNHP GRÌLYHOH VYRM UD]FYHWÊHOHQHNROLNRNDVQHMH7HUÌDQ7 NDU MH SRGREQD VLWXDFLMD NRW V SORáHYLQDVWLPL ]DSHVWQLFDPL*XÊWLQŸ0RUGDODKNRQH NDM RSRUH ]D GDWDFLMR QXGL WXGL IUDJPHQW ]DSHVWQLFH L]

SORáHYLQH 3RGREQH SORáHYLQDVWH ]DSHVWQLFH R]LURPD RYUDWQLFH L] EURQD VH SRMDYOMDMR Y QDMPODMÊLK JURERYLK ID]H +D & QD 0DJGDOHQVNL JRUL R]LURPD LGHQWLáHQ RUQDPHQW L]YHGHQ V VQRSL SDUDOHOQLK áUW WHU YPHVQLPL VQRSLFLNFDNáUWMHELOL]GHODQQDRYUDWQLFLL]JURED L] JRPLOH Y 3UHORJDK QD 0DJGDOHQVNL JRUL NMHU VH MH RYUDWQLFDQDKDMDODVNXSDM]GYHPDFHUWRÊNLPDILEXODPD 7HFFR+YDOD'XODU.RFXYDQŸ7%Ÿ

7DNR ODKNR UD]PLÊOMDQMH R NURQRORÊNL SR]LFLML GRP QHYQHJD JURED ] JUDGEHQH SDUFHOH WUJRYVNHJD FHQWUD /HFOHUF VNOHQHPR ] XJRWRYLWYLMR NL MH ELOD IRUPXOLUDQD ]D SRNRS GDPH L] JRPLOH QD /HSL QD SRGODJL EUR QDVWHJDSDVX]YHULÌLFRWHU]DSHVWQLFH]]DQNDPLMHELOR SUL VOHGQML XJRWRYOMHQR GD MH QDUHEUHQH ]DSHVWQLFH QD ÊWDMHUVNLK QDMGLÊáLK QDMXVWUH]QHMH áDVRYQR XYUVWLWL Y áDV PHGSR]QLP+D&WHUVWDUHMÊLP+D'7HUÌDQŸ

6./(3

9VYRMHPUD]PLÊOMDQMXRVLPEROQLYORJLSURVWRUDMH%

7HUÌDQVDPRGHMDQMHL]JUDGQMHPRQXPHQWDOQHQDVHOELQH QD3RÊWHOLQDGRPLQDQWQLSR]LFLMLQDVNUDMQLKY]KRGQLK SRERáMLK 3RKRUMD R]QDáLOD NRW RGUD] VRFLDOQHJD HNRQRPVNHJDLQSROLWLáQHJDSUHVWUXNWXULUDQMDGUXÌEHRE ]DáHWNX ÌHOH]QH GREH ÉH SRVHEHM SD MH L]SRVWDYLOD RNROLÊNH JRPLOQH JURERYH NRW GUXJL YLGLN PRQXPHQ WDOQLK áORYHÊNLK SRVHJRY Y SURVWRU 9 EHVHGLOX R JUR ELÊáX Y .OHLQNOHLQX MH RPHQLOD WXGL PRÌQRVW GD VR QD JURELÊáLK YUVWH SRNRSD RGYLVQH WXGL RG GUXJLK LQ QH OH VDPRNURQRORÊNLKGHMDYQLNRY3RND]DODMHQDUD]OLNHNL VR RGYLVQH RG VSROD VWDURVWL WHU VWDQX SRNRSDQHJD 7HUÌDQ 3RND]DOD MH GD VR JRPLOQD JUR

ELÊáDNRWWXGLSRVDPH]QHJRPLOHRGUD]QRYLKVRFLDOQLK UD]UHGRY2SR]RULODMHGDVRODKNRSURVWRUVNDUD]PHUMD PHGSRVDPH]QLPLVNXSLQDPLJURERY WHU SUHGYVHP L]R OLUDQHJRPLOHRGUD]NRPSOHNVQLKVRFLDOQLKUD]PHULM]QR WUDMVDPHGUXÌEH7HUÌDQ

1DSRGREHQQDáLQODKNRUD]PLÊOMDPRWXGLRQDMGEDK L] GRPQHYQHJD JURED ] /HFOHUFD 3UL WHP VH PRUDPR R]UHWL WXGL QD VLPEROQL SRPHQ ÊLUÊHJD SURVWRUD ,]YHQ PDWLáQHJD REPRáMD GROHQMVNH VWDUHMÊH ÌHOH]QRGREQH VNXSLQHVRQDMGEH QDUHEUHQHJD REURáDVWHJD QDNLWD UHG NH ]DWR ÊH SRVHEHM L]VWRSD QHNDM JURERY NL YVHEXMHMR ÊWHYLOQH RGNULWH]DSHVWQLFH .HU JUH ]D UHGNH SUHGPHWH L]YLUDMRáH L] RGGDOMHQLK SURGXNFLMVNLK FHQWURY ODKNR GRPQHYDPRGDVRLPHOHYÌHOH]QRGREQLGUXÌELYLVRNR YUHGQRVW R]LURPD MLK ODKNR UD]ODJDPR NRW RGUD] YLVR NHJD GUXÌEHQHJD VWDWXVD QMLKRYLK QRVLON 7R GRPQHYR SRWUMXMHMR ERJDWL GYRMQL SRNRSL PRÊNHJD LQ ÌHQVNH L]

JRPLOH ] JUDMHQR NRPRUR L] 3LYROH WHU .OHLQNOHLQD WHU WXGL%UHJDNMHUVRELOHÌHQVNHSRNRSDQHRERERURÌHQLK PRÊNLK ÌHQVND L] 3LYROH SD MH RáLWQR LPHOD WXGL ]ODW RNUDV

'UXJDáQDMHVWUXNWXUDSRNRSRY]/HSHUDYQHWHU/H FOHUFDNMHUMHELODYHUMHWQRSRNRMQLFDSRNRSDQDVDPDY JUREXEUH]NDPQLWHNRQVWUXNFLMHÉHEROMSDERGHYRáL SR]LFLMD GRPQHYQHJD JURED ] /HFOHUFD 7DNR VH QD NRQFX VNRUDM QH PRUHPR L]RJQLWL KLSRWH] R YLVRNHP GUXÌEHQHP SRORÌDMX QHNDWHULK SRNRSDQLK ÌHQD NL VR MLPYJURESULGDOL]DRPHQMHQHNUDMHQHYVDNGDQMRNROL áLQR EURQDVWLK QDUHEUHQLK ]DSHVWQLF %RJDWH VSUHPOMH YDONHYHOMDNRYVRELOHSRNRSDQHYJUREQLFDK]GUXJDáQR DUKLWHNWXUR NRW SRNRMQLFH NL VR ELOH SRNRSDQH VDPH .OMXEGHMVWYXGDJUH]DSRVDPH]QLFHYNOMXáHQHYÊLUÊH PRGQH WRNRYH WHU GD R QMLKRYHP GUXÌEHQHP SRORÌDMX VNOHSDPRQDSRGODJLERJDWHJDQDNLWD MLKY SRJUHEQHP REUHGX R]LURPD XQLáHYDQMX LQ VHÌLJDQMX QDNLWD ODKNR SUHSR]QDYDPRNRWQRVLONHUHJLRQDOQHNXOWXUQHWUDGLFLMH 3RVHEQHÌHQVNHVSRVHEQLPPHVWRPYGUXÌELŸPHVWRP NLVHMHWXGLVVPUWMRQDKDMDORDOLWLNREQRVLOFLKREODVWL DOLVUHGLGUXÌEHDOLSDRGGDOMHQRSUHJQDQRGDOHáSURá RGGUXJLK

=$+9$/$

7HUHQVNH UD]LVNDYH MH ILQDQFLUDOD GUXÌED 5XGQLPR GRR REGHODYD JUDGLYD SD SRWHND Y RNYLUX SURMHNWD SURIGGU0LWMH*XÊWLQD3UD]JRGRYLQVNLSRVHOLWYHQLY]RU FL Y VHYHURY]KRGQL 6ORYHQLML NL JD ILQDQFLUD $556 - =DSHVWQLFH MH QDULVDOD -DQMD 7UDWQLN ÉXPL ÊWHYLOQH GREURGRÊOH SULSRPEH LQ SUHGORJH SD VR SULVSHYDOL PDJ 0DUWLQD %OHáLß .DYXU SURI GGU 0LWMD

*XÊWLQ LQ DNDG SURI GU %LED 7HUÌDQ ]D NDU VH MLP QDMOHSÊH]DKYDOMXMHP

(7)

7DEOD,žEURQDVWH]DSHVWQLFHULVED-7UDWQLNÈXPL 7DEOH,žEURQ]HEUDFHOHWVGUDZLQJ-7UDWQLNÈXPL

(8)

7DEOD,,žEURQDVWH]DSHVWQLFHULVED-7UDWQLNÈXPL 7DEOH,,žEURQ]HEUDFHOHWVGUDZLQJ-7UDWQLNÈXPL

(9)

/267*5$9(

%RULV.$985

8QLYHUVLW\RI3ULPRUVND6FLHQFHDQG5HVHDUFK&HQWUHRI.RSHU,QVWLWXWHIRU0HGLWHUUDQHDQ+DULWDJH6,.RSHU*DULEDOGLMHYD 8QLYHUVLW\RI3ULPRUVND)DFXOW\RI+XPDQLWLHV.RSHU'HSDUWPHQWIRU +HULWDJH6WXGLHV6,.RSHU7LWRYWUJ

HPDLOERULVNDYXU#]UVXSUVL

6800$5<

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ÈWHOD

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

.H\ZRUGV$UFKDHRORJ\(DUO\,URQ$JHIHPDOHEXULDOVULEEHGMHZOHU\

9,5,,1/,7(5$785$

'RELDW&'DV+DOOVWDWW]HLWOLFKH*UlEHUIHOGYRQ .OHLQNOHLQXQGVHLQH.HUDPLN6FKLOGYRQ6WHLHU%HLKHIW

*UD]/DQGHVPXVHXP-RDQQHXP

'RELDW & 'HU %XUJVWDOONRJHO GHO .OHLQNOHLQ , 'LH$XVJUDEXQJHQGHU-DKUHXQG0DUEXUJHU 6WXGLHQ]XU9RUXQG)U€KJHVFKLFKWH0DUEXUJDQGHU /DKQ+LW]HURWK

*UDKHN/+DOÊWDWVNDJRPLODQD+ULEXY0HWOLNL

$UKHRORÊNLYHVWQLN/MXEOMDQDŸ

*XÇWLQ 0 .URQRORJLMD1RWUDQMVNHVNXSLQH$U KHRORÊNLYHVWQLN/MXEOMDQDŸ

*XÇWLQ 0 +XPNH VWDULMHJ JYR]GHQRJ GRED VD QDOD]LÊWD1RYDWDEODNRG 0XUVNH 6RERWH 6ORYHQLMD 9

%RMRYLß19DVLß0HGV6DKUDQMLYDQMHXEURQ]DQRL JYR]GHQRGREDàDáDN1DURGQLPX]HMŸ

*XÇWLQ 0 .ULÉ % /DG\ DQG KHU $WWLUH 9

%OHáLß0HWDOHGV6FULSWDSUDHKLVWRULFDLQKRQRUHP

%LED 7HUÌDQ 6LWXOD /MXEOMDQD 1DURGQL PX]HM 6OR YHQLMHŸ

*XÇWLQ 0 3UHORÉQLN $ 6DMHYFH ËHOH]QR GREQRJRPLOQRJURELÊáHRE.UNL$UKHRORÊNLYHVWQLN /MXEOMDQDŸ

*XÇWLQ 0 7LHIHQJUDEHU * 3UD]JRGRYLQVNH QDMGEH]DYWRFHVWQHJDRGVHND0XUVND6RERWD1RYDWDE OD$UKHRORÊNLYHVWQLN/MXEOMDQDŸ

3DKLÞ 6 $UKHRORÊNR UD]LVNRYDQMH Y 0DULERUX àDVRSLV ]D ]JRGRYLQR LQ QDURGRSLVMH QY 0DULERU

Ÿ

3DKLÞ 6 0DULERU Y SUD]JRGRYLQL àDVRSLV ]D ]JRGRYLQRLQQDURGRSLVMHQY0DULERUŸ

3DKLÞ63UDGDYQLáDVLRNURJ5D]YDQMDàDVRSLV ]D]JRGRYLQRLQQDURGRSLVMHQY0DULERUŸ

6WUPÞQLN*XOLÞ 0 3RGRED DQWLáQH SRVHOLWYH PHGY]KRGQLP3RKRUMHP LQ 'UDYR $UKHRORÊNLYHVWQLN /MXEOMDQDŸ

6WUPÞQLN*XOLÞ 0 5D]YDQMH 9DUVWYR VSRPH QLNRY/MXEOMDQDŸ

6WUPÞQLN*XOLÞ 0 5RJR]D =DYRG ]D YDUVWYR QDUDYQH LQ NXOWXUQH GHGLÊáLQH 0DULERU /HWQR SRURáLOR 9DUVWYRNXOWXUQHGHGLÊáLQH0DULERUŸ

6WUPÞQLN*XOLÞ 0 1RYD SRGRED SUD]JRGR YLQVNHSRVHOLWYHQD]DKRGQHPREUREMX'UDYVNHJDSROMD

$UKHRORÊNLYHVWQLN/MXEOMDQDŸ

6WUPÞQLN*XOLÞ 0 7HUÉDQ % 2 JRPLOL KDO ÊWDWVNHJDYHOMDNDL]3LYROHSRG3RÊWHORàDVRSLV]D]JR GRYLQRLQQDURGRSLVMHQY0DULERUŸ

(10)

7HFFR +YDOD 6 'XODU - .RFXYDQ ( ËH OH]QRGREQH JRPLOH QD 0DJGDOHQVNL JRUL .DWDORJL LQ PRQRJUDILMH/MXEOMDQD1DURGQLPX]HM6ORYHQLMH 7HUÉDQ % +DOÊWDWVNH JRPLOH L] %UXVQLF QD 'ROHQMVNHP 9 *XÊWLQ 0 HG 9DULD DUFKDHRORJLFD 3RVDYVNLPX]HM%UHÌLFH%UHÌLFH3RVDYVNLPX]HM%UH ÌLFHŸ

7HUÉDQ % &ODXV 'RELDW 'DV +DOOVWDWW]HLWOLFKH

*UlEHUIHOG YRQ .OHLQNOHLQ XQG VHLQH .HUDPLN 6FKLOG YRQ 6WHLHU %HLKHIW *UD] GLVNXVLMD $UKHRORÊNL YHVWQLN/MXEOMDQDŸ

7HUÉDQ % 3RKRUMH Ÿ SUD]JRGRYLQVNL UXGDUVNL UHYLU àDVRSLV ]D ]JRGRYLQR LQ QDURGRSLVMH QY 0DULERUŸ

7HUÉDQ%6WDUHMÊDÌHOH]QDGREDQDVORYHQVNHP ÉWDMHUVNHP .DWDORJL LQ PRQRJUDILMH /MXEOMDQD 1D URGQLPX]HM6ORYHQLMH

7HUÉDQ % 'LH VSlWEURQ]H XQG IU€KHLVHQ ]HLWOLFKH %HVLHGOXQJ LP QRUG{VWOLFKHQ 6ORZHQLHQ (LQ hEHUEOLFN 9 /LSSHUW $ HG 'LH 'UDX 0XU XQG 5DDE5HJLRQ LP YRUFKULVWOLFKHQ -DKUWDXVHQG 8QL YHUVLWlWVIRUVFKXQJHQ]XU3UlKLVWRULVFKHQ$UFKlRORJLH

%RQQ'U5XGROI+DEHOW*0%+Ÿ

7RPHGL * 'DV +DOOVWDWW]HLWOLFKH *UlEHUIHOG YRQ )U{J 'LH $OWJUDEXQJHQ YRQ ELV $U FKHROLQJXD%XGDSHVW$UFKHROLQJXD

Reference

POVEZANI DOKUMENTI

 %DUOHWWL MH OHWD Y ËHQHYL ]DJRYDUMDO %HF FDULMHYR HQRIOXLGQR WHRULMR LQ UD]PLÊOMDO R SUHQRVX HOHN WULáQH HQHUJLMH QD YHOLNH UD]GDOMH NDU MH SRVWDOR

5RÊDQVNL QDUHßQL EHVHGQMDN -RVLSD ÇDÈOD YVHEXMH ERJDWR NPHßNR L]UD]MH Y VORYHQVNHP SODMEHUÈNHP JRYRUX =ELUND NL MH HGLQVWYHQD WH YUVWH QD GYRMH]LßQHP MXÊQHP .RURÈNHP MH

5DGR 3LÊRW D MH QD RVQRYL DQDOL]H FHORWQHJD PRWRULáQHJD SURVWRUD ÊHVW LQ SROOHWQLK GHáNRY UD]EUDO GD YHáML GHOHÌ PHG L]ROLUDQLPL VSRVREQRVWPL

1MLKRYD YORJD Y SRWRYDOQL GHMDYQRVWL MH WRUHM ELVW YHQD 6RGREQL WHRUHWLNL SRXGDUMDMR GD MH WD UDYHQ RV QRYQL JHQHUDWRU UD]YRMD WXUL]PD QD GHVWLQDFLML 9LVRNR UD]YLWH

=XQDQMHPX RSD]RYDOFX IDUPDFHYWVNHJD WUJD VH VDPR SR VHEL SRQXMD YSUDãDQMH ]DNDM VSORK RFHQMHYDWL LQRYDWLYQRVW SRVDPH]QLK SDWHQWQR ]DãþLWHQLK ]GUDYLO VDM MH åH Satentna ]DãþLWD VDPD

³=D LOXVWUDFLMR PRUH ãWHWL GRFHOD VDPRVWRMQD XPHWQLãND L]SRYHG VOLNDUMD NL VWD PX WHNVW LQ UD]SRORåHQMH Y QMHP ELOD OH QDYGLK L]KRGLãþQD WRþND QH SD REYH]QD YVHELQD 7DNH

1HRELþDMHQ þDV SRMDYD EROH]QL MH ODKNR ND]DOQLN SULVRWQRVWL UD]OLþQLK SULGUXåHQLK EROH]QL NRW VR imunska pomanjkljivost, podhranjenost ali

*OHGH QD OHJDOQRVW XSRUDEH GURJH UD]YUãþDPR QD ]DNRQLWH LQ QH]DNRQLWH =DNRQLWH GURJH NRW QSU DONRKROWREDNNDYDLQSUDYLþDMVRSULQDVQDMEROM UD]ãLUMHQH 1H]DNRQLWH GURJH VR NRQRSOMD