4.3 Nezadovoljstvo
3RPQHQMX0LKDOLþHYH±QDQH]DGRYROMVWYR]DSRVOHQLKYHOLNRNUDWYSOLYDMRWXGL SUHKLWUH VSUHPHPEH LQ QHVWDELOQRVW GHOD QHY]SRVWDYOMHQD DOL SD SUHVWURJD UHG LQ GLVFLSOLQD SUHYHOLN QDG]RU ]DSRVOHQLK SUHYHUMDQMH SULVRWQRVWL QD GHORYQHP PHVWX WHU SULPDQMNOMDM DOL FHOR RGVRWQRVW LQIRUPDFLM V VWUDQL YRGLM 3UDY WDNR QD ]DGRYROMVWYR SRVDPH]QLND YSOLYDMR UD]OLþQL GHMDYQLNL NL QDM EL ELOL YH]DQL ]ODVWL QD VRGHODYFH IL]LþQH SRJRMH GHOD PRåQRVW VWURNRYQHJD LQ RVHEQHJD UD]YRMD GHORYQR RNROMH QDGUHMHQH SODþR QDþLQ GHOD LQ SRGREQR 0LKDOLþ±0RRUKHDGLQ*ULIILQGHOLWDGHMDYQLNH]DGRYROMVWYDSULGHOXY WUL VNXSLQH RUJDQL]DFLMVNH GHMDYQLNH VNXSLQVNH GHMDYQLNH LQ RVHEQH GHMDYQLNH NDU SRGUREQHMHSULND]XMHVOLND3RVDPH]QHVSUHPHQOMLYNH]QRWUDMJODYQLKWUHKVNXSLQYSOLYDMR QD ]DGRYROMVWYR DOL QH]DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK NDU VH SD Y RUJDQL]DFLML ODKNR NDåH Y VSUHPHPEDK]QRWUDMRUJDQL]DFLMHLQVWRSQMLL]RVWDMDQMD]GHOD
Organizacijski dejavniki:
-SODþD,
- možnost napredovanja, - delo,
- varnost, - delovni pogoji.
Skupinski dejavniki:
- sodelavci, - nadrejeni, nadzor.
Osebni dejavniki:
- potrebe, - ugodnosti.
ZADOVOLJSTVO ZAPOSLENIH
NEZADOVOLJSTVO ZAPOSLENIH
Majhne spremembe
Nizka stopnja izostajanja z dela
Velike spremembe
Visoka stopnja izostajanja z dela
Slika 9: Dejavniki zadovoljstva zaposlenih 9LU0RRUKHDGLQ*ULIILQ
5REELQVQDYDMDãWLULQDþLQHL]UDåDQMDQH]DGRYROMVWYD]DSRVOHQLKSULGHOX
,]KRG]DSRVOHQLQH]DGRYROMVWYRL]UDåDMR]QDND]RYDQMHPQDRGKRGL]SRGMHWMD]DPHQMDYR VOXåEH
0QHQMH]DSRVOHQLSRVNXãDMRDNWLYQRL]EROMãDWLSRJRMHVWHPGDSUHGODJDMRL]EROMãDYH]
QDGUHMHQLPL LPDMR UD]JRYRUH R SUREOHPLK YþDVLK SD SRVNXãDMR L]EROMãDWL SRJRMH WXGL SUHNRDNWLYQRVWLVLQGLNDWD
/RMDOQRVW ]DSRVOHQL SDVLYQR YHQGDU RSWLPLVWLþQR þDNDMR GD VH VLWXDFLMD L]EROMãD ]DJRYDUMDMRVWDOLãþHSRGMHWMDWHU]DXSDMRYSUDYLOQHRGORþLWYHPHQHGåPHQWD
=DQHPDUMDQMH]DSRVOHQLGRSXãþDMRPRåQRVWGDVHERVLWXDFLMDSRVODEãDODNDUNDåHMRY RGVRWQRVWL ]DPXMDQMX QD GHOR PDQMãHPX SUL]DGHYDQMX LQ YORåHQHPX WUXGX Y GHOR WHU YHþMHPãWHYLOXQDSDN
7DNR NRW ]DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK YSOLYD SR]LWLYQR QD XVSHãQRVW SRGMHWMD LPD WXGL QH]DGRYROMVWYRVYRMYSOLY1DåDORVWMHWDYSOLYQHJDWLYHQ
3RGMHWMH ER XVSHãQR OH ] ]DGRYROMQLPL ]DSRVOHQLPL 3RGMHWMD VR V VYRMR NDQGLGDWXUR ]D QHSRYUDWQD VUHGVWYD LQ RGREUHQR YORJR 3 SULGRELOD PRåQRVW ]D L]SHOMDYR LQYHVWLFLMH ]D L]EROMãDQMH WHKQRORãNH RSUHPOMHQRVWL SRGMHWMD = EROMãR WHKQRORãNR RSUHPR VH ]QLåDMR REUHPHQLWYH QD ]DSRVOHQLK =DSRVOHQL LPDMR WDNR EROMãH GHORYQH SRJRMH NHU MH SRGMHWMH ] QRYLPLSURGXNWLXVSHãQHMãHQDWUJXLQGRVHJDYLãMHGRGDQHYUHGQRVWLQD]DSRVOHQHJD9FHORWL ELVHWRPRUDORSRND]DWLWXGLSULL]EROMãDQMX]DGRYROMVWYD]DSRVOHQLK
9 VNORSX SULMDYH QD UD]SLV VR SRGMHWMD PRUDOD SRGDWL FLOMH NL MLK ERGR Y GRORþHQHP URNX GRVHJOD7LFLOMLVRELOLMDVQRRSUHGHOMHQLYSRVORYQHPQDþUWXLQSULMDYQHPREUD]FXYORJHQD UD]SLV &LOML NL MLK ERGR SRGMHWMD GRVHJOD VR YSOLYDOL QD WRþNH SUL RFHQMHYDQMX YORJH SR YQDSUHMQDSLVDQLKPHULOLKRFHQMHYDQMD9NROLNRUSRGMHWMDQLVRDOLQHERGRGRVHJOHFLOMHYLQ ERGRSDGODVWRþNDPLSRGQLYR]DGQMHRGREUHQHYORJHVHMLPODKNR]JRGLGDERGRPRUDOD QHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYD]YVHPL]DPXGQLPLREUHVWPLYUDþDWL3MHELODNWLYHQRGOHWDGR OHWDNRMHELODQDMYLãMDUDVWYJRVSRGDUVWYX6ORYHQVNLSRGMHWQLãNLVNODG3RGMHWMD VR ]DUDGL WHJD ODKNR SRGDMDOD FLOMH NL MLK GHMDQVNR QH ERGR VSRVREQD ]DUDGL UD]OLþQLK GHMDYQLNRY GRVHþL 3UL SULSUDYL DQNHWQHJD YSUDãDOQLND VPR YNOMXþLOL WXGL YSUDãDQMH DOL ER SRGMHWMHGRVHJORFLOMHNLMLKMHQDYHGORYYORJLQDUD]SLV9NROLNRUVRRGJRYRULOL]QHVPRMLP SRGDOL QHNDM WUGLWHY Y]URNRY QHGRVHJDQMD FLOMHY ]DVWDYOMHQLK Y YORJL NL VR SRGUREQHMH RSUHGHOMHQLYVSRGQMLKWRþNDK
5.1 7HKQLþQLLQRUJDQL]DFLMVNLSUREOHPL
(QRRGPHULOSUL3MHELORSRYHþDQMHWHKQRORãNHRSUHPOMHQRVWL1DPHQUD]SLVDMHELOQDNXS QRYH WHKQRORãNH RSUHPH NL ER L]EROMãDOD WHKQRORãNR RSUHPOMHQRVW SRGMHWMD 6ORYHQVNL SRGMHWQLãNL VNODG 7XNDM VPR ]DUDGL VWUXNWXUH WRþNRYQLND QD SRGODJL NDWHUHJD VH WRþNXMHLQ]DKWHYYVNORSX3SULSULMDYLYORJHRSUHGHOLOLSRWHQFLDOQHSUREOHPHNRW
7HKQRORãND RSUHPD QH L]SROQMXMH SULþDNRYDQLK UH]XOWDWRY 3UL þHP MH ELOR PLãOMHQR GD RSUHPD QL WDNR NDNRYRVWQD NRW VR SULþDNRYDOL LQ MLP SRVOHGLþQR QH GDMH SULþDNRYDQLK RXWSXWRYWHåMHMHUDYQDWL]QMRNRWVRSULþDNRYDOL
1RWUDQML RUJDQL]DFLMVNL SUREOHPL 9LVRNR WHKQRORãND RSUHPD ]DKWHYD RE VHEL NDGHU ] L]NXãQMDPL9NROLNRUYSRGMHWMXWHJDNDGUDQLODKNRSULGHGRUD]SRUHMDQM]QRWUDMSRGMHWMD GRGDWQR]DSRVORYDQMHNDUSDSRY]URþL]PHGRYSRGMHWMXPHG]DSRVOHQLPLLQVHSRMDYLMR RUJDQL]DFLMVNLSUREOHPL
3UHRSWLPLVWLþQRQDVWDYOMHQLFLOMLRESULMDYLQDUD]SLV3RGMHWMDVRODKNRSULþDNRYDODQRYH NXSFH]QRYRWHKQRORãNRRSUHPRGRGDWQR]DSRVORYDQMHSRYHþDQMHGRGDQHYUHGQRVWLQD ]DSRVOHQHJD LWG 7HK XþLQNRY SD L] UD]OLþQLK UD]ORJRY QLVR GRVHJOL NDU MH SRVOHGLþQR SRPHQLORGDMHSRGMHWMHRESULMDYLQDUD]SLVSUHFHQLORVYRMHVSRVREQRVWL
(QRRGPHULO]QRWUDMWRþNRYQLND3MHELOR8YDMDQMHVRGREQHWHKQRORJLMHYSRYH]DYL]QRYLPL DOL WHPHOMLWR L]EROMãDQLPL SURL]YRGLVWRULWYDPL GUXJR PHULOR NL VH QDQDãD QD WH YUVWH SUREOHPRYMHELOR7UåQDQDUDYQDQRVWYSRYH]DYL]RSHUDFLMR7UGLWYHNLVRVHQDQDãDOHQDWH YUVWHSUREOHPRYVPRRSUHGHOLOLNRWWHKQLþQLLQRUJDQL]DFLMVNLSUREOHPL]QRWUDMSRGMHWMD
)LQDQþQLSUREOHPL
3RGMHWMD VR NRW SULORJR YORJH QD UD]SLV SULSUDYLOD SRVORYQL QDþUW 9 QMHP VR QDYHGOD SULþDNRYDQRSRYLãDQMHSURGDMHREVWRMHþLKSURGXNWRYLQSURGDMR]QDVORYDQRYHJDSURGXNWD 3RWUHEQRMHELOLSULND]DWL]DSUWRILQDQþQRNRQVWUXNFLMR1HNDWHUDSRGMHWMDVRQDþUWRYDOD]UDYHQ ODVWQLKYLURYWXGLILQDQFLUDQMHLQYHVWLFLMHVSRPRþMRSRVRMLOVVWUDQLEDQN.YORJLMHSRGMHWMH ODKNR NRW QHREYH]QR SULORJR SULORåLOR L]MDYR EDQNH R VH]QDQMHQRVWL ] LQYHVWLFLMR LQ QDþUWRYDQLPLSRVRMLOL3RGMHWMDVR]DSLUDODLQYHVWLFLMR]GYHPDYUVWDPDSRVRMLO.UDWNRURþQR SRVRMLOR ]D SUHPRVWLWHY þDVD ] QDVORYD SULKRGNRY ''9MD LQ QHSRYUDWQLK VUHGVWHY 'ROJRURþQRSRVRMLORYNROLNRUSRGMHWMHQLLPHORQDUD]SRODJRGRYROMODVWQLKVUHGVWHY=DUDGL JRVSRGDUVNHNUL]HOLNYLGQRVWQLKSUREOHPLKYSRGMHWMLKLQVWDQMDYEDQþQHPVHNWRUMXVPRNRW ILQDQþQHSRVOHGLFHYDQNHWQHPYSUDãDOQLNXRSUHGHOLOLNRW
1H]PRåQRVW SULGRELWYH JDUDQFLM ]D L]YHGER SRVOD 3RGMHWMD VR L]SHOMDOD LQYHVWLFLMR LQ VL SULGRELODNXSFHNDWHULPELSURGDODQRYHSURGXNWH.XSFLVR]DKWHYDOLJDUDQFLMHSRGMHWMD SDVLWHKJDUDQFLMQLVRPRJODSULGRELWLVDMEDQNHQLVRXJRGLOHQMLKRYLPSURãQMDP]DL]GDMR JDUDQFLMH
1H]PRåQRVW SULGRELWYH NUHGLWQLK VUHGVWHY VODED SULODJRGOMLYRVW EDQN =D NUDWNRURþQD SRVRMLODQLELORWHåDYSUHMHWLSRVRMLORVVWUDQLEDQN9HþMLSUREOHPLVRQDVWDMDOLSULYORJDK ]D GROJRURþQH NUHGLWH %DQNH VR VLFHU QHNDWHULP SRGMHWMHP RE VDPL SULMDYL QD UD]SLV SRGDOH L]MDYR R QDþUWRYDQLK SRVRMLOLK YHQGDU NR EL ELOR SRWUHEQR GD EDQNH L]YHGHMR SRVRMLOR VR ELOD SRGMHWMD DOL SUHãLEND DOL QLVR ELOD VSRVREQD SUHGORåLWL ]DYDURYDQMD ]D NUHGLW DOL SD YORJH QLVR ELOH RGREUHQH V VWUDQL ERQLWHWQLK RGERURY EDQN 3RVOHGLþQR VR SRGMHWMD WHåMH L]YHGOD LQYHVWLFLMR PRUDOD YORåLWLYHþ ODVWQLK VUHGVWHY NDU MH SRVOHGLþQR YSOLYDOR QD XVSHãQRVW SRGMHWLM PDQMãL YORåNL Y UD]LVNDYH LQ UD]YRM PDQMãH GRGDWQR ]DSRVORYDQMHLWG
1HSODþDQLL]GDQLUDþXQLNHUMHQDURþQLNãHOYVWHþDML]EULVLSG3RGMHWMDVRVLFHUODKNR SURGDODVYRMHL]GHONHYHQGDU]DQMLKQLVRSUHMHODSODþLO
6ODELRGQRVLQHUD]XPHYDQMH]DWHåDYHGUåDYQHLQãWLWXFLMHQSU'8563RGMHWMDQHQHKQR LãþHMRPRåQRVWL]DUDVWLQUD]YRM9OHWLKRGGDOMHVRRUJDQL]DFLMHEROMNRQHLVNDOD PRåQRVWL]DSUHåLYHWMH7XNDMVRPRUDODVRGHORYDWL]UD]OLþQLPLGUåDYQLPLLQVWLWXFLMDPLNL ELMLPODKNRSRPDJDOHSULSUHPRVWLWYLWHåDY
6ODED SODþLOQD GLVFLSOLQD NXSFHY DOL SODþHYDQMH ] ]DPXGR 3RGMHWMD VR RG VYRMLK GREDYLWHOMHY]DKWHYDODYHGQRGDOMãHSODþLOQHURNH7XNDMJRYRULWXGLRURNLK±GQL 9 NROLNRU SRGMHWMH YQDSUHM QL SR]QDOR DOL SULþDNRYDOR SODþHYDQMD V WDNãQR ]DPXGR MH SRVWDOR QHOLNYLGQR QL PRJOR YHþ QDEDYLWL PDWHULDOD SODþHYDWL SODþ SRVOHGLþQR VR VH SRMDYLOLEORNLUDQL755MLSDGOHVRERQLWHWHSRGMHWLMLWG
)LQDQþQLSUREOHPLVRSUREOHPLNLVRYYHþMLPHULSRVOHGLFDJRVSRGDUVNLKSUREOHPRY
2EGREMH RG OHWD GR MH REGREMH NR SRGMHWMD ]DUDGL JRVSRGDUVNH NUL]H WHåNR GRVHJDMR FLOMH NL VR VL MLK ]DVWDYLOD ,]JXED ]DXSDQMD Y OHWLK ± MH SRY]URþLOD ]PDQMãDQMH SODVLUDQMD NUHGLWQLK VUHGVWHY PDVRYQR SURGDMR QD ERU]DK LQ SDGHF FHQ QHSUHPLþQLQ3RþDVLVRVHXþLQNLSRND]DOLYUHDOQHPVHNWRUMXSUHGYVHPYL]YR]X3RYHþDQMH OLNYLGQRVWL LQ SRYHþDQMH MDYQLK L]GDWNRY Y OHWX MH SRYUQLOR ]DXSDQMH 3UYL ]QDNL RNUHYDQMD VR VH SRND]DOL Y NDU MH WXGL SRVOHGLFD UD]YLMDMRþHJD VH JRVSRGDUVWYD 0DNURHNRQRPVNLSR]LWLYQLUH]XOWDWLVRVHåHSRND]DOLYGUXJLSRORYLFLOHWD'RDYJXVWD MH RG GUåDY SR PHULWYDK (FRQRPLVW ,QWHOOLJHQFH 8QLW OH GUåDY ãH YHGQR LPHOR QHJDWLYQHUH]XOWDWH9SUYLSRORYLFLOHWDMHLPHORQHJDWLYQHUH]XOWDWHGUåDY7RUHMEL QDM SRYHþDQMH OLNYLGQRVWL LQ SRYLãDQMH MDYQLK L]GDWNRY ]PDQMãDOR QHJDWLYQH XþLQNH NUL]H 6DYRQD.LUWRQLQ2OGDQL
&KDQJ\RQJ -XQ LQ &KHQ ± REUDYQDYDMR SRYH]DQRVW PHG WXMLP GROJRP LQ JRVSRGDUVNR UDVWMR 5D]LVNDYD NL VR MR L]YHGOL MH SRND]DOD GD Y NROLNRU MH VWRSQMD SUHREOLNRYDQMD ]XQDQMHJD GROJD QL]ND VH RE SRYLãDQMX GHOHåD GROJD QD GRORþHQL VWRSQML ]PDQMãDYLãLQDNDSLWDODLQ]DYLUDVHJRVSRGDUVNDUDVW9WDNãQLKRNROLãþLQDKNDSLWDOSRY]URþL QDYLGH]QRYLãMRYLãLQRVUHGVWHYYVUHGVWYLKNDUSULSHOMHGRJRVSRGDUVNHNUL]H9QDVSURWQHP SULPHUX SD NR MH VWRSQMD SUHREOLNRYDQMD ]XQDQMHJD GROJD YLVRND SRYLãDQMH GHOHåD GROJD SRY]URþLJRVSRGDUVNRUDVW5D]PHUMHPHG]XQDQMLPGROJRPLQJRVSRGDUVNRUDVWMRQLHQRWQR DPSDNMHRGYLVQRRGVWRSQMHSUHREOLNRYDQMDGROJRYýHMHSUHREOLNRYDQMH]XQDQMHJDGROJD SRþDVQRWRSRPHQLGD]XQDQMLGROJQLELOYNOMXþHQYUHDOQRHNRQRPLMRLQVWHPNDSLWDORVWDMD QD SRYUãLQL WRUHM QH SURGUH JORERNR Y JRVSRGDUVWYR 6 WHP SULGH GR ]PHGH Y HNRQRPVNL VWUXNWXULNDUODKNRSRY]URþLILQDQþQRNUL]R
3UDYLORPDYþDVXUHFHVLMHSRGMHWMD]PDQMãXMHMRLQYHVWLFLMHLQYODJDQMDYUD]YRM(GHQL]PHG FLOMHYSRGMHWLMMHODKNRSUDYYHþMHYODJDQMHYUD]YRMLQSRVRGDEOMDQMHSURL]YRGQMHNDPRUVRGL WXGL YODJDQMH Y DYWRPDWL]DFLMR LQ URERWL]DFLMR VDM ODKNR Y WHP NULWLþQHP þDVX XMDPHMR QDMEROMãHýHELVHWRL]ND]DORNRWSUDYLOQDRGORþLWHYERYLGQRãHOHGROJRURþQR±]QMLKRYR NRQNXUHQþQRVWMR3RGMHWMDELVHPRUDOD]DYHGDWL SULORåQRVWLGDODKNRSUDYYWHPNULWLþQHP þDVX]UD]YRMHPXMDPHMRQDMXVSHãQHMãDSRGMHWMD$YWRPDWL]DFLMDSRGMHWLMSULQDãDSRPHPEQH NRQNXUHQþQHSUHGQRVWLNRWVREROMãDL]NRULãþHQRVWRSUHPHLQþORYHãNLKYLURYPDQMãRSRUDER HQHUJLMHQDHQRWRSURL]YRGDYHþMRXþLQNRYLWRVWSURL]YRGQMHLQYLãMRNDNRYRVWL]GHONRY7RVH ODKNRGRVHåHVDPRVSDPHWQLPYODJDQMHPYDYWRPDWL]DFLMR3RHQLVWUDQLVRQDORåEHSRGMHWLM SRYH]DQHVSRWURãQMRNLVHVHGDM]PDQMãXMHSRGUXJLVWUDQLSDVRSRGMHWMDSUDYYWHKNUL]QLK UD]PHUDKSULVLOMHQDYHGQREROMLQWHQ]LYQRUD]PLãOMDWLRRSWLPDWL]DFLMLSURFHVRYLQ]QLåHYDQMX VWURãNRY 7R ER ]HOR SRPHPEQR RE YQRYLþQL JRVSRGDUVNL UDVWL 7R ERGR SRGMHWMD ODKNR L]YDMDODOHSRGSRJRMHPGDERGRGRELODåHOHQHILQDQþQHYLUH6HYHGDQLUHþHQRGDERGRYVD SRGMHWMDNLERGRYODJDODYDYWRPDWL]DFLMRXVSHOD3RGMHWMDPRUDMRQDSRGODJLLQYHVWLFLMVNHJD QDþUWD XJRWRYLWL DOL VH MLP WR VSODþD DOL QH *DVSDUL .RW JRVSRGDUVNH SUREOHPH RSUHGHOMXMHPRWXGLQHSULGRELYDQMHQRYLKSRVORYLQRGSRYHGLSRJRGEVVWUDQLNXSFHY
3RGMHWMDVRRESULMDYLQDUD]SLV3QDYHGODFLOMHNLMLKERGRGRVHJODSR]DNOMXþNXLQYHVWLFLMH .HUVRSULMDYHQDUD]SLVSRWHNDOHRGOHWDGROHWDWRUHMWXGLYþDVXNRSRGMHWMDãH QLVR SULþDNRYDOD JRVSRGDUVNH NUL]H VR ODKNR SRGMHWMD QD SRGODJL SRVORYDQMD SUHMãQLK OHW Y YORJLQDUD]SLVQDYHGODFLOMHNLVRMLK]DUDGLYSOLYD]XQDQMLKGHMDYQLNRYNRWMHJRVSRGDUVND NUL]DWHåNRGRVHJOD9VHWRELVHSRVOHGLþQRSRND]DORY]PDQMãDQMXILQDQþQLKXþLQNRYR]EL YSOLYDORQDXVSHãQRVWSRVORYDQMDSRGMHWMD
(03,5,ý1$$1$/,=$
5D]LVNRYDOL VPR RGYLVQRVW PHG ILQDQþQLPL ND]DOQLNL LQRYDWLYQRVWMR LQ ]DGRYROMVWYRP ]DSRVOHQLK Y SRGMHWMLK NL VR SUHMHOD QHSRYUDWQD VUHGVWYD L] 3 0HULOL VPR GYH VNXSLQL XþLQNRYLQVLFHUILQDQþQHXþLQNHLQSRVUHGQHXþLQNH3UYDVNXSLQDXþLQNRYVHVSUHPOMDVNR]L ILQDQþQHND]DOQLNHNLVRGRVWRSQLSUHNRMDYQRGRVWRSQLKED]SRGDWNRYNRWMH%LVQRGH 6NR]L WR VNXSLQR XþLQNRY VPR SUHYHULOL YSOLY QHSRYUDWQLK VUHGVWHY QD ILQDQþQH ND]DOQLNH SULKRGHNGRELþHNUDVWãWHYLOD]DSRVOHQLKLQGRGDQDYUHGQRVWQD]DSRVOHQHJD'UXJDVNXSLQD XþLQNRYVHMHVSUHPOMDODVNR]LSRYH]DQRVWPHGILQDQþQLPLND]DOQLNLLQLQRYDWLYQRVWMRSRGMHWLM WHU ]DGRYROMVWYRP ]DSRVOHQLK 7D VNXSLQD XþLQNRY VH MH PHULOD V SRGDWNL L] DQNHWQHJD YSUDãDOQLND 6 &URQEDFKRYR DOIR VPR PHULOL ]DQHVOMLYRVW DQNHWQHJD YSUDãDOQLND = PHWRGR JODYQLK NRPSRQHQW VPR SRVDPH]QH VSUHPHQOMLYNH SUHVOLNDOL Y GRORþHQR ãWHYLOR QRYLK VSUHPHQOMLYN R] JODYQH NRPSRQHQWH 6OHGLOD MH PXOWLSOD UHJUHVLMVND DQDOL]D V NDWHUR VPR XJRWDYOMDOLYSOLYHPHGRGYLVQRLQQHRGYLVQLPLVSUHPHQOMLYNDPL
6.1 Hipoteze
9VNORSXPDJLVWUVNHQDORJHVRVHSUHYHUMDOHWULKLSRWH]HLQVLFHU
+1HSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDVRSR]LWLYQRSRYH]DQD]XVSHãQRVWMRSRVORYDQMDSRGMHWMDNLMH PHUMHQDVILQDQþQLPLND]DOQLNL
+'RVHJDQMHXþLQNRYQHSRYUDWQLKVUHGVWHYL]MDYQHJDUD]SLVD3MHSR]LWLYQRSRYH]DQR ]LQRYDWLYQRVWMRYSRGMHWMX
+'RVHJDQMHXþLQNRYQHSRYUDWQLKVUHGVWHYL]MDYQHJDUD]SLVD3MHSR]LWLYQRSRYH]DQR ]]DGRYROMVWYRP]DSRVOHQLK
6.2 =ELUDQMHSRGDWNRYLQQDþLQREGHODYH
3RGDWNH]DSUHYHUMDQMH+VPRSULGRELOLVSRPRþMRGRVWRSDSUHNRSRUWDOD%LVQRGH7L SRGDWNLVRELOLYQHVHQLLQREGHODQLYSURJUDPX([FHO7LSRGDWNLVRJUDILþQRDOLWDEHODULþQR SULND]DQL9UQMHQHL]SROQMHQHDQNHWQHYSUDãDOQLNHVPRQDMSUHMSUHJOHGDOLLQQDWRREOLNRYDOL ED]R SRGDWNRY Y UDþXQDOQLãNHP SURJUDPX 3RGDWNH L] YSUDãDOQLND VPR REGHODOL Y UDþXQDOQLãNHP SURJUDPX 6366 $QDOL]D WHK SRGDWNRY MH ELOD QDPHQMHQD WHVWLUDQMX + LQ +
9 UD]LVNDYL VPR XSRUDELOL VWUXNWXULUDQ DQNHWQL YSUDãDOQLN 9SUDãDOQLN QL ELO DQRQLPHQ 9NOMXþHYDOMHYHþYUVWYSUDãDQMDQNHWLUDQLMHYSLVDORGJRYRURENURåLORGJRYRUPHGSRGDQLPL RGJRYRUL DOL RENURåLO RGJRYRU NL NDåH LQWHQ]LYQRVW VWULQMDQMD DOL QHVWULQMDQMD ] QDYHGHQR L]MDYR/LNHUWRYDOHVWYLFD9SUDãDQMDVPRSUHGVDPRXSRUDERSLORWVNRSUHL]NXVLOL1DMSUHMVR YSUDãDOQLN SUHJOHGDOL WULMH L]NXãHQL VRGHODYFL Y SRGMHWMX LQ SRGDOL VYRMR PQHQMH QDWR VPR YSUDãDOQLNSUHL]NXVLOLQDSHWLKWHVWQRDQNHWLUDQLKSRGMHWMLK=L]YHGHQLPLWHVWQLPLYSUDãDOQLNL
VPRSUHYHULOLDOLMHPRJRþHDQDOL]LUDWLSRGDWNHNLMLK]EHUHYSUDãDOQLNLQDOLLPDMRUH]XOWDWL VPLVHO 7DNR VPR SUHYHULOL UD]XPHYDQMH QDPHQD LQ YVHELQH YSUDãDOQLND WHU MDVQRVW LQ UD]XPOMLYRVW ]DVWDYOMHQLK YSUDãDQM 9 NRQþQL YHU]LML YSUDãDOQLND NL VPR JD SRVODOL Y DQNHWLUDQMH VPR SULORåLOL VSUHPQR SLVPR R]LURPD QDJRYRU NMHU VPR VH SUHGVWDYLOL WHU SRMDVQLOL QDPHQ FLOMH LQ YVHELQR UD]LVNDYH WHU SRMDVQLOL NDNR LQ ]DNDM VR YNOMXþHQL Y UD]LVNDYR $QNHWQL YSUDãDOQLN MH ELO SRVUHGRYDQ SR HOHNWURQVNL SRãWL 3RGDWNL ]EUDQL L]
L]SROQMHQLKDQNHWQLKYSUDãDOQLNRYVRSULPDUQLSRGDWNL9UD]LVNDYLVPRXSRUDELOLQRPLQDOQH RUGLQDOQHLQWHUYDOQHLQUD]PHUQRVWQHVSUHPHQOMLYNH
=DQDPHQUD]LVNDYHVPRSULGRELOLWULUD]OLþQHYUVWHSRGDWNRYRDQNHWLUDQLK
1RPLQDOQLSRGDWNLSUHGVWDYOMDMRSRLPHQRYDQMDNDWHJRULMHYHOLNRVWSRGMHWMDLQVWDWLVWLþQD UHJLMD1DRVQRYLWHKSRGDWNRYVPRRDQNHWLUDQHPSRGMHWMXL]UDþXQDOLVWUXNWXUQHGHOHåH SRGMHWLM
2UGLQDOQHSRGDWNHVPRSULGRELOL]RGJRYRULQDYSUDãDQMDRLQRYDWLYQRVWLLQ]DGRYROMVWYX ]DSRVOHQLK0HUMHQMH]D]QDYVPRL]YHGOLVSRPRþMR/LNHUWRYHOHVWYLFHSULNDWHULMHLPHO YVDN DQNHWLUDQHF PRåQRVW RFHQH RG SRSROQRPD VH QH VWULQMDP GR SRSROQRPD VH VWULQMDP2GJRYRUHDQNHWLUDQFHYVPRUDQJLUDOLLQMLKSUHGVWDYLOLVWDEHODPL0HUVNDHQRWD SR /LNHUWRYL OHVWYLFL MH LQWHUYDOQD LQ UD]PHUQRVWQD = RUGLQDOQLPL SRGDWNL VPR PHULOL VSUHPHQOMLYNHNLGRORþDMRLQRYDWLYQRVWLQ]DGRYROMVWYR]DSRVOHQLK
,QWHUYDOQL SRGDWNL VR RGJRYRUL QD YSUDãDQMD NL VR DQNHWLUDQFD VSUDãHYDOD R VWDURVWL SRGMHWMDLQãWHYLOX]DSRVOHQLK
6.3 Anketni vprašalnik
=D SRWUMHYDQMH + LQ + MH ELO XSRUDEOMHQ DQNHWQL YSUDãDOQLN NL QL ELO DQRQLPHQ $QNHWQL YSUDãDOQLNMHELOSULSUDYOMHQYVSOHWQLDSOLNDFLMLND)DNXOWHWD]DGUXåEHQHYHGH'RSLV LQSRYH]DYRGRDQNHWQHJDYSUDãDOQLNDVRSUHMHODSRGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDL]
3SRHOHNWURQVNLSRãWL
$QNHWQLYSUDãDOQLNMH3ULORJDPDJLVWUVNHQDORJH5D]GHOMHQMHELOQDVNORSRY
, 2VQRYQD YSUDãDQMD R SRGMHWMX NMHU MH ELOR SRWUHEQR RGJRYRULWL QD YSUDãDQM SUHGYVHP NRQWUROQLK VSUHPHQOMLYN 9 WHP VNORSX MH SRGMHWMH SRGDOR SLVQL RGJRYRU LQ L]ELUDORSRVDPH]QRYUHGQRVWSULGRORþHQHPYSUDãDQMX
,, ,QRYDWLYQRVW NL MH ELOD UD]GHOMHQD QD GLPHQ]LMH ,QRYDFLMVND NXOWXUD LQ NOLPD ,QRYDWLYQRVW LQ QDJUDMHYDQMH 8VWYDUMDOQRVW NRW RVQRYD ]D LQRYDWLYQRVW LQ 8VSHãQRVW LQRYDFLM1DYHGHQLKMHELORWUGLWHYQDSHWPHVWQL/LNHUWRYLOHVWYLFL]RGJRYRULRG ]HORQHUHVQLþQRGR]HORUHVQLþQR
,,, =DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK NL MH ELOR UD]GHOMHQR QD GLPHQ]LMH 6SORãQR ]DGRYROMVWYR 3ODþD2UJDQL]DFLMVNDNXOWXUD=QDþLOQRVWLGHODLQ3ULSDGQRVW]DSRVOHQLK1DYHGHQLKMH ELORWUGLWHYQDSHWPHVWQL/LNHUWRYLOHVWYLFL]RGJRYRULRG]HORQHUHVQLþQRGR]HOR UHVQLþQR
,9 1HGRVHJDQMH ]DVWDYOMHQL FLOMHY ± UD]ORJL 1DYHGHQLK MH ELOR WUGLWHY QD SHWPHVWQL
9 3RGDWNLRDQNHWLUDQFX$QNHWLUDQHFMHRGJRYRULOQDYSUDãDQMD
7UGLWYH]D,,LQ,,,VNORSVRELOHSRY]HWHL]SUHWHNOLKUD]LVNDY)DWXU*ODYLQD )DWXU/LNDULQ.RSDþ)DWXULQ/LNDU.RVPLQD$XHU/LNDULQ )DWXU,QQREDURPHWHU
6.4 Vzorec in enote
=ELUDQMH SRGDWNRY V SRPRþMR DQNHWQHJD YSUDãDOQLND MH SRWHNDOR V SRVODQLP GRSLVRP LQ SRYH]DYRGRDQNHWQHJDYSUDãDOQLNDSRHOHNWURQVNLSRãWL3RGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQD VUHGVWYD VR PLNUR PDOD LQ VUHGQMH YHOLND L] UD]OLþQLK GHMDYQRVWL LQ L] SRGURþMD FHORWQH 6ORYHQLMH3MHREMDYLO636YOHWLKLQ,]UDþXQILQDQþQLKND]DOQLNRYMH ELOQDUHMHQ]DYVDSRGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDL]32GREUHQLKYORJMHRGOHWD GROHWDELORRGWHJDVRQHNDWHUDSRGMHWMDSUHMHODYHþRGREUHQLKYORJWDNRMH ELOR SRGMHWLM NL VR SUHMHOD QHSRYUDWQD VUHGVWYD SRGMHWLM MH ELOR Y þDVX GR ]DþHWND ILQDQþQHDQDOL]HL]EULVDQLKYVWHþDMXDOLLQVROYHQWQLK=DSRGMHWLMQLVPRXVSHOLSULGRELWL SUDYLOQLKHOHNWURQVNLKQDVORYRY7DNRMHELODQNHWQLYSUDãDOQLNSRVUHGRYDQSRGMHWMHP1D DQNHWQLYSUDãDOQLNMHRGJRYRULORSRGMHWLMNDU]QDãDRGYVHKSRGMHWLMNLVRSUHMHOD HOHNWURQVNR SRãWR LQ SRGMHWLM NL VR ELOD XVSHãQD SUL SULMDYL QD UD]SLV (OHNWURQVND SRãWDMHELODSRGMHWMHPSUYLþSRVUHGRYDQD3RGMHWMHPNLQLVRRGJRYRULODQDDQNHWQL YSUDãDOQLNMHELODHOHNWURQVNDSRãWDSRQRYQRSRVUHGRYDQD$QNHWQLYSUDãDOQLNMH ELO]DNOMXþHQ1DVOLNLMHSULND]DQSRWHN]DNOMXþHQLKDQNHWQLKYSUDãDOQLNRYSR GQHYLKRGGR
Slika 10: PoteN]DNOMXþHQLKDQNHWQLKYSUDãDOQLNRYSRGQHYLK
9 SRYSUHþMX VR SRGMHWMD SRWUHERYDOD ]D UHãHYDQMH DQNHWQHJD YSUDãDOQLND PLQXW LQ VHNXQG
9 QDGDOMHYDQMX SUHGVWDYOMDPR QHNDM RVQRYQLK SRGDWNRY R SRGMHWMLK NL VR RGJRYRULOD QD DQNHWQLYSUDãDOQLNLQRSRGMHWMLKNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYD
,] SUHJOHGQLFH MH UD]YLGQR GD MH QD DQNHWQL YSUDãDOQLN RGJRYRULOR QDMYHþ SRGMHWLM L]
2VUHGQMHVORYHQVNH UHJLMH LQ 3RGUDYVNH UHJLMH VOHGL 6DYLQMVND UHJLMD 7DNãQR MH ELOR WXGL UD]PHUMHSULSUHMHWLKVUHGVWYLK1DMYHþSRGMHWLMNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDMHELORL]
2VUHGQMHVORYHQVNHLQ3RGUDYVNHUHJLMH
Preglednica 5: )UHNYHQþQDSRUD]GHOLWHYSRGMHWLMSRVWDWLVWLþQLUHJLML – anketni vprašalnik