Poti za inoviranje

5HãHYDQMHVSRURY

,]XPLWHOML LQ RUJDQL]DFLMD UHãXMHMR PRUHELWQH VSRUH NL EL QDVWDOL PHG SRVWRSNRP SUHY]HPD VOXåEHQLKL]XPRY]PHGVHERMQLPGRJRYDUMDQMHPLQSRUDYQDYR9SULPHUXQHUHãHQHJDVSRUD L]SUYHJDRGVWDYNDWHJDþOHQDVSRUHUHãXMHSULVWRMQRVRGLãþH

9 SRGMHWMX MH LQRYDWLYQRVW L]UHGQR SRPHPEQD 9HQGDU OH Y SULPHUX þH VR ]DSRVOHQL VH]QDQMHQL]YVHPLSRVWRSNLLQLPDMRMDVQRSUHGVWDYRNDMERGRY]DPHQRSUHMHOL%RSRGMHWMH ]QDOR QDUHGLWL VYHWRYQL SDWHQW LQ ERGR XVSHãQL SUL SODVLUDQMX QRYHJD L]GHOND QD WUJ" .DM MH WRUHMLQRYDWLYQRSRGMHWMHNDMMHPHULOR"ýHMHSRGMHWMHYSLVDQRYUHJLVWHUSRGMHWLMNLLPDMR UD]LVNRYDOQR HQRWR WR ãH QL GRYROM 3RGMHWMH EL PRUDOR VSURWL SULMDYOMDWL SDWHQWH OH WR EL SRPHQLORNRQVWDQWQRLQRYDWLYQRVW]QRWUDMSRGMHWLM3RGMHWMDELELODQDWDQDþLQYHVþDVYSHWDY ]JRGERUD]YRMDLQQHOHWHKQLþQLKL]EROMãDYNDUMHYVORYHQVNLKSRGMHWMLKQDMSRJRVWHMH

%pUXEpLQ0RKQHQ±YVYRMLUD]LVNDYLNLVWDMRRSUDYLOD]DSRGMHWMDY.DQDGL XJRWDYOMDWDXþLQNRYLWRVWSRGMHWLMNLSUHMPHMRVXEYHQFLMHLQGDYþQHRODMãDYH3RGMHWMDNLVRMLK DQDOL]LUDOLVRLPHODGHMDYQRVWY]JRMHUDVWOLQ8JRWRYLOLVRGDVRQDMXVSHãQHMãDSRGMHWMDNLVR SUHMHPDOD VXEYHQFLMH LQ GDYþQH RODMãDYH 1LåMD MH XVSHãQRVW SUL SRGMHWMLK NL VR SUHMHPDOD ]JROMGDYþQHRODMãDYH3UDYWDNRVRSRGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHPDODVXEYHQFLMHLQGDYþQHRODMãDYH YHOLNR EROM LQRYDWLYQD LPDMR YHþ SULMDYOMHQLK VYHWRYQLK SDWHQWRY LQ VR XVSHãQHMãD SUL NRPHUFLDOL]DFLMLVYRMLKLQRYDFLM

3.9 Poti za inoviranje

9HþNUDW VH SRMPD XVWYDUMDOQRVW LQ LQRYDWLYQRVW XSRUDEOMDWD NRW VRSRPHQNL 9HQGDU SD REVWDMDMR PHG QMLPD ELVWYHQH UD]OLNH 'HMVWYR MH GD MH XVWYDUMDOQRVW WHPHOMQL SRJRM ]D LQRYDWLYQRVW9RQ6WDPP8VWYDUMDOQRVWMHXVWYDUMDQMHQRYLKLGHMSRVDPH]QLNDDOL

VNXSLQH $PDELOH Y 'H -RQJ LQ 'H +DUWRJ =D 3HþMDND MH XVWYDUMDOQRVW SURGXFLUDQMH QRYLK LGHM 6ULüD YLGL XVWYDUMDOQRVW NRW L]YLUQR UD]PLãOMDQMH R SUREOHPLK LQ SRMDYLK RNROL QDV 3VLKRORJL XJRWDYOMDMR GD XVWYDUMDOQL OMXGMH OMXELMR GHOQL UHG GD ODKNR SUHXþLMR VLWXDFLMR LQ QHUHG GD ODKNR VLWXDFLMR SRYHåHMR QD QRY QDþLQ 3HþMDN =D /LNDUMD LGU XVWYDUMDOHF SURL]YDMD QHQDYDGQH NRPELQDFLMH LQ L] ]DSOHWHQH QDORJH XVWYDUL QRYR QDMUDMH HQRVWDYQR UHãLWHY 9UKXQVNL XVWYDUMDOFLLPDMRSUDYLORPDYLVRNRVWRSQMRLQWHOLJHQWQRVWLVDMMHQHPRJRþHGDELSRYSUHþQR LQWHOLJHQWQDRVHEDUHãHYDOD]DKWHYQHSUREOHPHYUKXQVNH]QDQRVWL8VWYDUMDOQRVWMHSRYH]DQD]

RVHEQRVWQLPLSRWH]DPLLQVVWRSQMRPRWLYLUDQRVWL0XVHNLQ3HþMDN3UDYWDNRSR /LNDULGURPRJRþDþORYHNXGDVSRVREQRVWLLQDOLYUHGQRWHNLMLKLPDLQDOLMLK LPDMRVRGHOXMRþLSRYHåHYQRYHNRPELQDFLMHVWDULKODVWQRVWLLQQRYHVWYDULWYHLQYHQFLMHLQ LQRYDFLMH ]D QRY NRULVWQL GRVHåHN 8VWYDUMDMR ODKNR VDPR ]DSRVOHQL ]QRWUDM RUJDQL]DFLMH

$PSDN NDM GHILQLUD ]DSRVOHQHJD NRW XVWYDUMDOQHJD þORYHND" 0DWRV VWU GHILQLUD XVWYDUMDOQHJDþORYHNDNRWWLVWHJDNL

]QDVYRMHVSRVREQRVWLR]LURPDWDOHQWHL]YLUQRXYHOMDYLWLQDUD]OLþQLKSRGURþMLK SUHGYVHPQH]DWUHVYRMHSULURMHQHXVWYDUMDOQRVWL

UD]YLMD VYRMR RULJLQDOQRVW UDGRYHGQRVW GRPLãOMLMR VDPRVWRMQRVW QHRGYLVQRVW Y VYRMLK VRGEDKPQHQMLKPLãOMHQMX

.UHDWLYQL SRVDPH]QLNL VR VSRVREQL GLYHUJHQWQHJD UD]PLãOMDQMD QMLKRYH LGHMH VR RULJLQDOQH WHNRþH VR IOHNVLELOQL LQ VSRVREQL VRGHORYDWL /HDY\ 1DMSRPHPEQHMãD ODVWQRVW XVWYDUMDOQLK SRVDPH]QLNRY MH QHNRQIRUPL]HP .RQIRUPL]HP SRPHQL SULODJDMDQMH RSDåDQM PLVOL VRGE VWDOLãþ Y GUXåEL 1DVSURWQR MH QHNRQIRUPL]HP QDVSURWRYDQMH R]LURPD QHSULODJDMDQMH 7DNãHQ SRVDPH]QLN QH SRGOHåH YSOLYRP GUXJLK -H DYWRQRPQD RVHED QH SUL]QDYDDYWRULWHWLPDRGSRUGRSRQDYOMDQMDDOLSRVQHPDQMD9HQGDUQHQDVSURWXMHPQHQMHP GUXJLK]DYVDNRFHQR6WDOLãþDGUXJLKWXGLVSUHMHPDVHYHGDþHVH]QMLPLVWULQMD0XOHMLQ äHQNR8VWYDUMDOQRVWSRVDPH]QLNRYYRUJDQL]DFLMLODKNRRSUHGHOLPRNRWRVQRYQR SRWR]SRJRM]QRWUDMRVHEQRVWL]DLQRYDWLYQRYHGHQMH2UJDQL]DFLMDWDNRODKNRXVWYDUMDOQRVW SRVDPH]QLND]DEHOHåLYVPLVOXSRWL]DLQRYLUDQMHNRWQHIRUPDOQHREOLNH]ELUDQMDLGHMNLVR HYLGHQWLUDQLNRWLQRYDWLYQLSUHGORJLQSUY]YH]HNVH]DSLVXMHMRLQRYDWLYQLSUHGORJL

1DMSRPHPEQHMH MH GD LQYHQFLMD SRVWDQH XSRUDEQD LQRYDFLMD 7R QDP SRNDåH WUJ R]

XSRUDEQLNL7DNRQHVPHPRSR]DELWLNRWSRPHPEQRSRW]DLQRYLUDQMHPQHQMHXSRUDEQLNRYLQ MLK SR PRåQRVWL FHOR YNOMXþLWL Y SURFHVH QDþUWRYDQMD LQ REOLNRYDQMD QRYLK SURL]YRGRY DOL VWRULWHY 3R $ $IXDKX ± REVWDMDWD GYD UD]OLþQD L]YRUD LQRYDFLM IXQNFLMVNL LQ SRJRMQL3ULLQRYDFLMDKNLVRIXQNFLMVNHJDL]YRUDRGJRYDUMDPRQDYSUDãDQMDNRWVRRGNRG L]YLUDMRLQRYDFLMHVRLQRYDFLMHQDVWDOHYRUJDQL]DFLMLDOLL]YHQQMHNMHQDWDQþQRYRUJDQL]DFLML VR QDVWDOH LSG 2EVWDMD SHW SRPHPEQHMãLK IXQNFLMVNLK YLURY LQRYDFLM QRWUDQMH IXQNFLMH RUJDQL]DFLMH QMHJRYL GREDYLWHOML RGMHPDOFL LQ NRPSOHPHQWDUQD LQRYDWLYQD RUJDQL]DFLMD XQLYHU]D YODGD LQ ]DVHEQH UD]LVNRYDOQH XVWDQRYH NRQNXUHQWL LQ SRYH]DQH JRVSRGDUVNH SDQRJHGUXJHGHåHOHR]LURPDUHJLMH3ULLQRYDFLMDKNLL]YLUDMRL]SRJRMHYDOLRNROLãþLQSDVH YSUDãDPR NGDM R]LURPD SRG NDNãQLPL RNROLãþLQDPL ODKNR SULþDNXMHPR QDVWDQHN LQRYDFLM

9HOLNGHOXVSHãQRVWLSRVORYDQMDMHRGYLVHQRGNUHLUDQMDQRYHJD]QDQMDLQRG]PRåQRVWLKLWUH LQSUHPLãOMHQHUHDNFLMHQDQRYRVWL]DNDUQDYDGQRRUJDQL]DFLMHL]GHODMRVWUDWHJLMHLQQDþUWHV SRPRþMRNDWHULKERGRYNDUQDMYHþMLPHULSULWHPXVSHãQH7RUHMMHSR]QDYDQMH]QDþLOQRVWL SDQRJHQRWUDQMHJDLQ]XQDQMHJDRNROMDELVWYHQHJDSRPHQD]DREOLNRYDQMHXVSHãQHVWUDWHJLMH 3UDãQLNDU LQ 'HEHOMDN 3UDY WDNR MH ]DSLVDO =XSDQ GD MH XVSHK GDQDãQMLKRUJDQL]DFLMPRþQRRGYLVHQRGQMLKRYHVSRVREQRVWLGDQHQHKQRL]EROMãXMHMRGHORYQH SURFHVHL]GHONHLQVWRULWYH3RYVHPVHMHXYHOMDYLORQDþHORGDPRUDMRSULWHPVRGHORYDWLYVL ]DSRVOHQL 5D]ORJL VR GRFHOD SUHSURVWL =DSRVOHQL ]DUDGL SR]QDYDQMD GHORYQLK SURFHVRY WHU ]QDQMD LQ L]NXãHQM QDMEROMH YHGR NMH LQ NDNãQH L]EROMãDYH VR PRJRþH 3UDY WDNR QMLKRYR YNOMXþHYDQMH Y YVHK QDGDOMQMLK VWRSQMDK XYDMDQMD L]EROMãDY ]PDQMãD RGSRU GR PRUHELWQLK VSUHPHPESRXVPHUMDQMXSULQMLKRYHPXYDMDQMX

9SRVORYQLSUDNVLVHVSUHMHPDQMHQRYRVWLYHOLNRNUDWSRVNXãDGRVHþLVSRPRþMRVWLPXOLUDQMD 7RYELVWYXSRPHQLREOMXERGDGRELãWRLQWRþHQDSUDYLãWRLQWR%UåNRREOMXEQHNDMNUDWQH PRUHãL]SROQLWLVWLPXOLUDQMHSRVWDQHPDQLSXOLUDQMHL]LJUDYDQMH6WLPXOLUDQMHVHWDNRSRNDåH OH NRW GHOQR XVSHãQR ]D QDMEROM XþLQNRYLWR LQ XVSHãQR SD VH L]NDåH PRWLYLUDQMH Y REOLNL XVWYDUMDOQHJDVRGHORYDQMD0XOHM3ROHWXMHQDVWDOSULREUDYQDYLQRYRVWLY RUJDQL]DFLMDK ELVWYHQ SUHREUDW =D RGYLVQR VSUHPHQOMLYNR VR ]DþHOL ãWHWL XSRUDER QDPHVWR VSUHMHPD QRYRVWL V þLPHU VR ]DþHOL UD]OLNRYDWL PHG RGORþLWYLMR LQ QMHQR XUHVQLþLWYLMR 3RPHPEHQMHSRVWDOFHORWHQLQYHQFLMVNRLQRYDFLMVNLSURFHVRGORþLWYHGHMDQMDLQGRJRGNLY QMHP5D]GHOLOLVRJDQDSHW]DSRUHGQLKID]0XOHMLQäHQNR

RSUHGHOLWHYGHORYQHJDSURJUDPD]DLQYHQFLMVNRLQRYDFLMVNLSURFHV SULPHUMDYD]D]QDQLKQRYRVWLLQLQRYDFLMVNLKSRWUHE

UHGHILQLFLMDLQUHVWUXNWXULUDQMH UD]MDVQMHYDQMHLQ

UXWLQL]LUDQMH

1HJOHGHQDWRNDNRGREURMHSRVDPH]QDID]DUD]YRMDLQYHQFLMHSULSUDYOMHQDSURFHVUD]YRMDY SUDNVL RELþDMQR ]DYLUDMR ãWHYLOQH REMHNWLYQH DOL VXEMHNWLYQH RYLUH 6SHW SD MH ]QRWUDM SRVDPH]QH RUJDQL]DFLMH RGYLVQD þDVRYQD NRPSRQHQWD ]D]QDYH RYLUH SUL LPSOHPHQWDFLML LQYHQFLMH,QRYLUDQMHNDåHSR]LWLYQRNRUHODFLMR]YHOLNRVWMRRUJDQL]DFLMHWXGLYWHPGDYHþMH RUJDQL]DFLMH UHDOL]LUDMR YHþ LQRYDFLM NHU ODåMH UD]ãLULMR YHVW JODV R SUHGQRVWL QRYRVWL NRW PDMKQD3R]LWLYQDNRUHODFLMDVHNDåHãHSULL]UDELVXEYHQFLRQLUDQMDLQRYLUDQMD9HþMDNRWMH RUJDQL]DFLMDYHþMLMHGHOHåVXEYHQFLRQLUDQLKLQYHQFLM%RVPDLQGH:LW±

5D]LVNDYD &]DUQLW]NLMD LQ %HQWR /RSHVRYH Y NDWHUL VWD PHULOD XþLQNH QHSRYUDWQLK VUHGVWHY Y SRGMHWMLK Y 1HPþLML MH SRND]DOD GD LPDMR SRGMHWMD NL SUHMPHMR QHSRYUDWQD VUHGVWYDWDNRQDFLRQDOQDNRWGLUHNWQRL](8DOLRERMDYLãMRVWRSQMRLQRYDWLYQRVWLNRWþHWHK VUHGVWHYQHELSUHMHOD8JRWRYLODVWDGDLPDMRQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDNLVRMLKSRGMHWMDSUHMHOD GLUHNWQRL](8YHþMLXþLQHNNRWQDFLRQDOQDVUHGVWYD1DMYHUMHWQHMHMHUD]ORJYWHPGDMHYLãMH SRYSUHþMH QHSRYUDWQLK VUHGVWHY NL VR þUSDQD GLUHNWQR L] (8 8JRWRYLOD VWD WXGL GD LPDMR SRGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHODQHSRYUDWQDVUHGVWYDL]REHKYLURYQDMYLãMHSODþH.DUVHWLþHSULMDYH

SDWHQWRY VR QDMXVSHãQHMãD SRGMHWMD NL VR SUHMHOD QDFLRQDOQD VUHGVWYD DOL NRPELQDFLMR QDFLRQDOQLKLQGLUHNWQR(8VUHGVWHY1DMYHþMLKSRGDSDWHQWQRSULMDYRYþDVXW

,QRYDWLYQRVW Y SRGMHWMLK SUHGVWDYOMD SRMHP QDGDOMQMHJD UD]YRMD REVWRMD LQ UDVWL SRGMHWMD 3RGMHWMD ] QHSRYUDWQLPL VUHGVWYL 3 SUHMPHMR ILQDQþQD VUHGVWYD V NDWHULPL ERGR L]SHOMDOL WHKQRORãNHLQYHVWLFLMHNLERGRSRYHþDOHLQRYDWLYQRVWSRGMHWLM3UDYWDNRSDPRUDMRQDWUJNRW UH]XOWDWWHKLQYHVWLFLMSRVWDYLWLQHNQRYL]GHOHNNLJDMHSRGMHWMHSULMDYLORREVDPLYORJLQD UD]SLV 3RVOHGLþQR VR WRUHM SRGMHWMD SUHMHOD VUHGVWYD ]D L]SHOMDYR LQYHVWLFLMH Y WHKQRORãNR RSUHPR V NDWHUR VR PRUDOD WUJX SRQXGLWL QRY SURGXNW ODVWQHJD UD]YRMD 7H DNWLYQRVWL VR SRGMHWMHPGDODPRåQRVWL]DSRYHþDQMHLQRYDWLYQRVWLYSRGMHWMXLQSRQXGERL]GHONRY]YLãMR GRGDQRYUHGQRVWMRNDUELPRUDORUH]XOWLUDWLYL]EROMãDQMXILQDQþQLKND]DOQLNRY

=DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK YSOLYD QD RUJDQL]DFLMR NRW FHORWR 7HåNR MH GRVHþL GD VR YVL Y RUJDQL]DFLML ]DGRYROMQL YHGQR REVWDMDMR RGVWRSDQMD Y FHORWL EL SD PRUDOD ELWL ]DGRYROMQD YHþLQD ]DSRVOHQLK =DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK VNR]L GHORYQH SURFHVH VH NDåH Y YHþML SURGXNWLYQRVWL SRVDPH]QLND NDU VH NDåH Y SR]LWLYQHP YSOLYX QD ILQDQþQH UH]XOWDWH

=DGRYROMVWYR ] GHORP MH SRPHPEQD VHVWDYLQD RUJDQL]DFLMVNHJD YHGHQMD VDM YSOLYD QD NDNRYRVW åLYOMHQMD PRWLYDFLMR YHGHQMH WHU WXGL QD RVWDOD VWDOLãþD LQ SUHSULþDQMD 6 VWDOLãþD RUJDQL]DFLMH MH ]DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK SRPHPEQR ]ODVWL ]DWR NHU YSOLYD QD SRMDYH NRW VR DEVHQWL]HP IOXNWXDFLMD GHORYQL VSRUL WHOHVQR LQ GXãHYQR ]GUDYMH QH]JRGH SUL GHOX SULSUDYOMHQRVW QD L]REUDåHYDQMH LQ XVSRVDEOMDQMH WHU SUHNR YVHJD QDYHGHQHJD WXGL QD VDPR GHOR Y RUJDQL]DFLML 6NRþLU =D *RULãNRYR ]DGRYROMVWYR ]DSRVOHQLK SRPHQLSDUWQHUVWYRPHG]DSRVOHQLPLLQPHQHGåHUMLNLVHRESRGSRULWHKQRORãNHLQIUDVWUXNWXUH GRVHJD VNR]L XVWUH]QR XVSRVREOMHQRVW LQ PRWLYLUDQRVW VRGHODYFHY ]D XUHVQLþHYDQMH VNXSQLK SRVORYQLKFLOMHY

/H]DGRYROMQL]DSRVOHQLERGRQDUHGLOLRUJDQL]DFLMRXVSHãQR=DSRVOHQLPRUDMRELWL]DGRYROMQL ] RGQRVL SUHMHWMHP SODþLOD YRGVWYRP SRGMHWMD LQ RUJDQL]LUDQRVWMR SRGMHWMD 9 NYDQWLWDWLYQL DQDOL]LVPRåHOHOLSULND]DWLSRPHPEQRVW]DGRYROMVWYD]DSRVOHQLKLQSRYH]DQRVW]DGRYROMVWYD ]DSRVOHQLKVILQDQþQLPLND]DOQLNL