Inoviranje kot pogoj

9LU6ULþD

ýH SRY]DPHPR XJRWRYLPR GD REVWDMDMR YHOLNH UD]OLNH PHG NODVLþQLPL LQ XVWYDUMDOQLPL RUJDQL]DFLMDPL LQ OH XVWYDUMDOQH RUJDQL]DFLMH LPDMR QRUPH NL VR SRWUHEQH ]D UD]YRM LQRYDWLYQRVWLYSRGMHWMX

9]DPHQR]DLQRYDWLYQRYHGHQMHYRUJDQL]DFLMLSRVDPH]QLNLQHNDMSULþDNXMHMR3RVDPH]QLNL VHERGRGROJRURþQRLQRYDWLYQRYHGOLOHYNROLNRUERGRVSURWLSUHMHPDOLVSRGEXGH6SRGEXGH VR SRYH]DQH ] ]DGRYROMVWYRP ]DSRVOHQLK LQ QDJUDMHYDQMHP ]DSRVOHQLK 7DNR EL VSRGEXGH ODKNRGHOLOLQD

0DWHULDOQHVSRGEXGHSODþDGRGDWNLNSODþLUD]OLþQHERQLWHWHGDULOD

1HPDWHULDOQHVSRGEXGHL]REUDåHYDQMHMDYQRSUL]QDQMHSRVORYQDSRWRYDQMD

3.7 Inoviranje kot pogoj

,QRYDWLYQRVWYRUJDQL]DFLMLYRVQRYLNUDWNRURþQRSUHGVWDYOMDVWURãHNRUJDQL]DFLMH9HQGDUVH RUJDQL]DFLMH ]DYHGDMR GD EUH] LQRYDWLYQRVWL QL NRQNXUHQþQRVWL UD]YRMD UDVWL LQ SRVOHGLþQR REVWRMDQDWUJX2UJDQL]DFLMDVLYVDNROHWRSULSUDYLSURUDþXQR]SRUDERILQDQþQLKVUHGVWHY]D QDPHQHUD]LVNDYLQUD]YRMD=DNRQRGDYNXRGGRKRGNDSUDYQLKRVHE=''32YþOHQX GRORþD2ODMãDYH]DYODJDQMHYUD]LVNDYHLQUD]YRM3RGODJD]DXYHOMDYOMDQMHMHWXGL3UDYLOQLNR XYHOMDYOMDQMXGDYþQLKRODMãDY]DYODJDQMDYUD]LVNDYHLQUD]YRM

3UDYLOQLN3UDYLOQLNRXYHOMDYOMDQMXGDYþQLKRODMãDY]DYODJDQMDYUD]LVNDYHLQUD]YRMGRORþD GD QRWUDQMD UD]LVNRYDOQD GHMDYQRVW ]DYH]DQFD SRPHQL L]YLUQR LQ VLVWHPDWLþQR UD]LVNRYDQMH ]QRWUDMSRGMHWMD]DYH]DQFDQDPHQMHQRSULGRELYDQMXQRYHJD]QDQMDNLMHUHOHYDQWQR]DUD]YRM LQRYDFLMYSRGMHWMXLQYNOMXþXMHLVNDQMHUD]OLþQLKPRåQLKãLUãLKLQVSHFLILþQLKQRYLKUHãLWHYSUL PDWHULDOLKQDSUDYDKSURL]YRGLKSURFHVLKVLVWHPLKLQVWRULWYDK1RWUDQMDUD]YRMQDGHMDYQRVW ]DYH]DQFD SRPHQL VLVWHPDWLþQR XSRUDER ]QDQMD SULGREOMHQHJD ] UD]LVNRYDQMHP DOL SUDNWLþQLPL L]NXãQMDPL ]D UD]YRM QRYLK DOL ELVWYHQR L]EROMãDQLK PDWHULDORY QDSUDY SURL]YRGRYSURFHVRYVLVWHPRYDOLVWRULWHYLQYNOMXþXMHSULPHURPD

UD]YRMNRQNUHWQLKSUDNWLþQLKUHãLWHY]DQRYHDOLL]EROMãDQHPDWHULDOHQDSUDYHSURL]YRGH SURFHVHVLVWHPHDOLVWRULWYH

UD]YRMRURGLMY]RUFHYNDOXSRYLQPDWULFQRYHWHKQRORJLMH

NRQVWUXLUDQMHLQSUHL]NXãDQMHSURWRWLSRYLQPRGHORYSUHG]DþHWNRPQMLKRYHJDUHGQHJD SURL]YDMDQMDLQXSRUDEH

NRQVWUXLUDQMHLQGHORYDQMHSRVNXVQHJDREUDWDNLQLPDJRVSRGDUVNRXWHPHOMHQHJDREVHJD ]DNRPHUFLDOQRSURL]YDMDQMH

2VQRYQRPHULOR]DUD]OLNRYDQMHR]LURPDUD]PHMLWHY5 5RGVRURGQLKGHMDYQRVWLMHSULVRWQRVW SRPHPEQHJD HOHPHQWD QRYRVWL LQ UHãHYDQMH ]QDQVWYHQH R]LURPD WHKQLþQH QHJRWRYRVWL SULPHURPD NR UHãLWHY QHNHJD SUREOHPD QL WDNRM MDVQD QHNRPX NL SR]QD RVQRYQR VSORãQR XSRUDEQR]QDQMHLQPHWRGHQDQHNHPSRGURþMX

8SUDYLþHQLVWURãNLYODJDQMY5 5VR

VWURãNL GHOD RVHE NL GHODMR QD NRQNUHWQLK UD]LVNRYDOQLK R]LURPD UD]YRMQLK SURMHNWLK Y SRGMHWMXYGDQHPREGREMX

QDNXS UD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQH RSUHPH NL VH L]NOMXþQR LQ VWDOQR XSRUDEOMD SUL L]YDMDQMX UD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHGHMDYQRVWL]DYH]DQFD

PDWHULDOQL VWURãNL SRYH]DQL ] UD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQR GHMDYQRVWMR YNOMXþQR V VWURãNL SRGSRUQLKVWRULWHY]DWRGHMDYQRVW

VWURãNLL]REUDåHYDQMDL]NOMXþQR]DSRWUHEHUD]LVNRYDOQLKR]LURPDUD]YRMQLKSURMHNWRYNL VHL]YDMDMRYSRGMHWMX

VWURãNLSRYH]DQL]]DãþLWRLQWHOHNWXDOQHODVWQLQHNLQHSRVUHGQRL]KDMDL]UD]LVNRYDOQLKLQ UD]YRMQLKGHMDYQRVWL]DYH]DQFD

7HPHOMQLSRJRM]DXYHOMDYOMDQMHGDYþQHRODMãDYHMHSRVORYQLQDþUWYNDWHUHPVRSUHGKRGQR RSUHGHOMHQDUD]YRMQDYODJDQMD

3RVORYQLQDþUWPRUDYVHERYDWL

QDVORYUD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHJDSURMHNWDR]LURPDSURJUDPD RSLVYVHELQHUD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHJDSURMHNWDR]LURPDSURJUDPD

VH]QDPSUHGYLGHQLKDNWLYQRVWLUD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHJDSURMHNWDR]LURPDSURJUDPD QDþUWRYDQHPHMQLNHPHGL]YDMDQMHPUD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHJDSURMHNWDR]LURPDSURJUDPD UH]XOWDWHUD]LVNRYDOQRUD]YRMQHJDSURMHNWDR]LURPDSURJUDPD

2UJDQL]DFLMD LPD WDNR åH YQDSUHM GRORþHQ SURUDþXQ ]D YODJDQMD Y 5 5 Y NDWHUHP VR RSUHGHOMHQLWXGLVWURãNL]DSRVOHQLK'ROåQRVW]DSRVOHQLKQDYVDNHPGHORYQHPPHVWXMHGDVR LQRYDWLYQLLQXVWYDUMDOQL8VWYDUMDOQLOMXGMHPRUDMRELWLVSRVREQLJOHGDWLQDVWYDU]UD]OLþQLK YLGLNRYGYRPLWLYSUHGSRVWDYNHVL]QDWLSUHGVWDYOMDWLQRYHVLWXDFLMHGRGDMDWLQRYHHOHPHQWH Y ]QDQR VLWXDFLMR 3RJRVWR LPDMR WRþQR GRORþHQR SUHGVWDYR R WHP NDU åHOLMR GRVHþL 0F)DG]HDQ ± *RQLOQD VLOD VSUHPHPEH MH Y]SRQ XVWYDUMDOQRVWL NRW NOMXþQHJD GHMDYQLND Y JRVSRGDUVWYX LQ GUXåEL 8VWYDUMDOQRVW MH SRVWDOD QDMEROM FHQMHQD YUOLQD QD GHORYQHPPHVWX3RVOHGLFDOHWHJDMHWXGL]DSRVORYDQMHUD]QROLNHJDNDGUDNLMHELORYþDVLK

SUHGPHW ]DNRQRGDMH VDM UD]QROLNRVW SULKDMD Y YVHK EDUYDK VSROLK LQ RVHEQLK SUHSULþDQMLK )ORULGD±0DWRVVWUGHILQLUDXVWYDUMDOQHJDþORYHNDNRWWLVWHJDNL ]QDVYRMHVSRVREQRVWLR]LURPDWDOHQWHL]YLUQRXYHOMDYLWLQDUD]OLþQLKSRGURþMLK

SUHGYVHPQH]DWUHVYRMHSULURMHQHXVWYDUMDOQRVWL

UD]YLMD VYRMR RULJLQDOQRVW UDGRYHGQRVW GRPLãOMLMR VDPRVWRMQRVW QHRGYLVQRVW Y VYRMLK VRGEDKPQHQMLKLQPLãOMHQMX

.UHDWLYQL SRVDPH]QLNL VR VSRVREQL GLYHUJHQWQHJD UD]PLãOMDQMD QMLKRYH LGHMH VR RULJLQDOQH WHNRþH VR IOHNVLELOQL LQ VSRVREQL VRGHORYDWL /HDY\ 1DMSRPHPEQHMãD ODVWQRVW XVWYDUMDOQLK SRVDPH]QLNRY MH QHNRQIRUPL]HP .RQIRUPL]HP SRPHQL SULODJDMDQMH RSDåDQM PLVOL VRGE VWDOLãþ Y GUXåEL 1DVSURWQR MH QHNRQIRUPL]HP QDVSURWRYDQMH R]LURPD QHSULODJDMDQMH 7DNãHQ SRVDPH]QLN QH SRGOHåH YSOLYRP GUXJLK -H DYWRQRPQD RVHED QH SUL]QDYDDYWRULWHWLPDRGSRUGRSRQDYOMDQMDDOLSRVQHPDQMD9HQGDUQHQDVSURWXMHPQHQMHP GUXJLK]DYVDNRFHQR6WDOLãþDGUXJLKWXGLVSUHMHPDVHYHGDþHVH]QMLPLVWULQMD0XOHMLQ äHQNR

3ROLWLNL XþLWHOML LQ YRGMH SRGMHWLM Y ='$ VR XJRWRYLOL GD VWD XVWYDUMDOQRVW LQ LQRYDWLYQRVW RVUHGQMHJD SRPHQD ]D JRVSRGDUVNL XVSHK 6DZ\HU 2UJDQL]DFLMD ER ODKNR OH ] XVWYDUMDOQLPL]DSRVOHQLPLYFHORWLLQRYDWLYQDLQERODKNRNRQNXULUDODQDWUJX.RQNXUHQþQRVW Y RUJDQL]DFLML SD MH SRJRMHQD ] LQRYDWLYQRVWMR SRGMHWMD 2UJDQL]DFLMH QH PRUHMR ELWL NRQNXUHQþQH Y NROLNRU ]QRWUDM RUJDQL]DFLMH QL IXQNFLMH UD]YRMD LQ LQRYDWLYQRVWL3R 3RåDUX VRLQRYDFLMHHGHQJODYQLKGHMDYQLNRYJRVSRGDUVNHUDVWL3RYHþXMHMRSURGXNWLYQRVW GHODL]EROMãXMHMRXþLQNRYLWRVWJRVSRGDUVWYDLQVWHP]YLãXMHMRQRWUDQMHRPHMLWYHQMHJRYHUDVWL ,QRYDWLYQRVW MH ] JRVSRGDUVWYRP WHVQR SRYH]DQD VDM UDYQR WX SULKDMD GR QDMYHþMLK LQ QDMSRPHPEQHMãLKLQRYDFLM5D]YRMQRYLKL]GHONRYLQVWRULWHYNLODKNRXVSHãQRNRQNXULUDMRQD ORNDOQHP QDFLRQDOQHP LQ JOREDOQHP WUJX MH SRVWDO RVUHGQMD VNUE YVHK RUJDQL]DFLM 1DMQDSUHGQHMãH RUJDQL]DFLMH VR WLVWH NL QHQHKQR LãþHMR QRYH SULORåQRVWL ]D UD]YRM QRYLK L]GHONRYR]LURPDVWRULWHY=DYHOLNRSRGMHWLMSUHGVWDYOMDLQRYDFLMDåHPDQMãRVSUHPHPERQD L]GHONXVWRULWYL7HLQNUHPHQWDOQHLQRYDFLMHRKUDQMDMRL]GHONHLQVWRULWYHYVNODGXVSRWUHEDPL SRWURãQLNRY 9HQGDU VR OHWH ]HOR UHGNR GRYROM GD EL SRGMHWMX ]DJRWRYLOH XVSHK 3UDYH LQRYDFLMH VR EROM IXQGDPHQWDOQH 1DQDãDMR VH QD QRYH LGHMH VWLPXOLUDMR QRYH ]DPLVOL GHILQLUDMRQRYHSURFHVHJUDGLMRQRYRRUJDQL]DFLMVNRVWUXNWXURLQRPRJRþDMRUHDOL]DFLMRQRYLK WHU REVWRMHþLK VWUDWHJLM 1DMEROM HNVWUHPQH LQRYDFLMH ODKNR VSUHPHQLMR WUJ -RQHV ±

,QRYDFLMHSUHGVWDYOMDMRRVQRYR]DJRVSRGDUVNRUDVWLQUD]YRM6SRVREQRVWXVWYDUMDQMDGRGDQH YUHGQRVWL ] XYDMDQMHP QRYLK L]GHONRY QD WUJ UHRUJDQL]DFLMR SURL]YRGQHJD SURFHVD DOL RUJDQL]DFLMVNHSUDNVHMHNOMXþQLGHMDYQLN]DGRVHJDQMHNRQNXUHQþQLKSUHGQRVWLLQUDVWSRGMHWLM LQGXVWULMWHUGUåDY)HOGPDQ=PDQMãXMHMRODKNRSURL]YRGQHVWURãNHXVWYDUMDMRQRYH WUJHSRYHþXMHMRNDNRYRVWL]GHONRY9VDNDLQRYDFLMDNL]DRUJDQL]DFLMRSRPHQLSUHGQRVWSUHG NRQNXUHQWLSRYHþXMHGRELþNRQRVQRVW:HEVWHU8VSHKYLQRYLUDQMXLPDSR]LWLYQH SRVOHGLFH WXGL ]D ]XQDQMH RNROMH RUJDQL]DFLMH ,QRYDFLMH VR SRWUHEQH LQ QXMQH ]D UD]YRM FHORWQHJD JRVSRGDUVWYD 3UHNR SR]LWLYQHJD YSOLYD QD RGMHPDOFH GREDYLWHOMH LWG XVSHãQD

LQRYDFLMD Y RUJDQL]DFLML XJRGQR YSOLYD QD QDVWDQHN LQRYDFLM Y GUXJLK RUJDQL]DFLMDK 9VH WR SRJDQMDJRVSRGDUVNRUDVWYFHORWQLUHJLML3RND]DORVHMHFHORGDODKNRLQRYDFLMHSRJDQMDMR FHORWQR QDURGQR JRVSRGDUVWYR 5HV MH GD VR SRJRML ]D QDVWDQHN LQRYDFLM XJRGQHMãL Y þDVX HNVSDQ]LMH LQ JRVSRGDUVNH UDVWL YHQGDU VR LQRYDFLMH SRWUHEQH WXGL Y þDVX UHFHVLMH .R RUJDQL]DFLMH åH ]QLåDMR VWURãNH QD PLQLPXP LQ L]EROMãDMR XþLQNRYLWRVW VR NRQNXUHQþQH SUHGQRVWL L]JXEOMHQH WHU PRUDMR þH åHOLMR SUHåLYHWL ELWL EROMãL RG NRQNXUHQFH 9 WDNãQLK UD]PHUDKODKNRXVSHMROHLQRYDWLYQHRUJDQL]DFLMH-RQHV±

5HFHVLMD WRUHM QL UD]ORJ ]D ]PDQMãDQMH LQRYDWLYQRVWL Y WHP þDVX EL ãH VH PRUDOD SRYHþDWL YODJDQMD Y UD]YRM 9 ELVWYX MH UHFHVLMD RGOLþQR RNROMH GD XVSHãQD SRGMHWMD SULNDåHMR VYRMD ]QDQMDLQSUHGQRVWL7RVHNDåHWXGLYILQDQþQLKL]ND]LKLQXVSHãQRVWLSRGMHWLM