Preglednica 4: 5D]OLNDPHGNODVLþQLPLLQXVWYDUMDOQLPLRUJDQL]DFLMDPL
3.8 Postopki in standardi za inoviranje
3.8 Postopki in standardi za inoviranje
=DSRVOHQL PRUDMR ELWL VH]QDQMHQL V SRWPL LQ SRVWRSNL Y RUJDQL]DFLML Y SULPHUX SULSUDYH R]
L]QDMGEHL]XPD1DMEROMãHMHGDLPDMRRUJDQL]DFLMHLQWHUQHVWDQGDUGHSUDYLOQLNH]DLQRYLUDQMH WHU ODVWHQ UHJLVWHU L]XPRY 9VDND RUJDQL]DFLMD VL ODKNR VHVWDYL VYRMH LQWHUQH SUDYLOQLNH LQ VWDQGDUGH SR NDWHULK VH UDYQD =DSRVOHQL Y RUJDQL]DFLML SD PRUDMR ELWL VH]QDQMHQL V WHPL GRNXPHQWL 3RWUHEQR MH ELWL SR]RUHQ GD VH Y LQWHUQLK GRNXPHQWLK ]DMDPHMR RERMHVWUDQVNL GRSULQRVLWDNRRUJDQL]DFLMHNRWLQRYDWRUMD9SULPHUXSUDYLOQLNDJRYRULPRRL]XPXVDML]XP SRPHQLQRYRUHãLWHYNDNHJDWHKQLþQHJDSUREOHPDNDWHURMHPRåQRXSRUDELWLYJRVSRGDUVNL GHMDYQRVWL 1HNDWHUH QDMSRPHPEQHMãH WRþNH NL EL PRUDOH ELWL RSUHGHOMHQH Y SUDYLOQLNX VR .URãOLQLGU
8YRGQHLQVSORãQHGRORþEH
9WHMWRþNLVRQDYHGHQHVSORãQHGRORþEHRLQRYLUDQMX]QRWUDMRUJDQL]DFLMHNRWVRQSUGDVHY RUJDQL]DFLML Y]SRGEXMD LQRYDWLYQRVW XSRUDED UH]XOWDWRY LQRYDFLM LQ XSUDYOMD V SUDYLFDPL LQGXVWULMVNHODVWQLQHNLL]KDMDMRL]SUHY]HWLKL]XPRY
'HILQLFLMHLQSRMPL
1DWDQþQRRSUHGHOMHQHGHILQLFLMHLQSRMPLNRWVR
,QWHOHNWXDOQD ODVWQLQD SUDYLFH NL L]KDMDMR L] LQWHOHNWXDOQH DNWLYQRVWL QD LQGXVWULMVNHP ]QDQVWYHQHPOLWHUDUQHPLQXPHWQLãNHPSRGURþMXLQVRYDURYDQH]DNRQVNR
3DWHQW±SUDYLFD]DL]XPNLMHQRYQDLQYHQWLYQLUDYQLLQLQGXVWULMVNRXSRUDEOMLY
,QRYDFLMD ± YLGH] L]GHOND NL L]SROQMXMH SRJRMH ]D YDUVWYR ] PRGHORP WHU WHKQLþQD LQ GUXJDL]EROMãDYDSR=DNRQXRSUDYLFDKLQGXVWULMVNHODVWQLQHL]GHORYQHJDUD]PHUMD
,]XPLWHOM ± HQD DOL YHþ IL]LþQLK RVHE NL VR QHSRVUHGQR DOL SRVUHGQR XGHOHåHQH SUL QDVWDQNXL]XPD
6OXåEHQL L]XP ± L]XP NL MH QDVWDO Y þDVX GHORYQHJD UD]PHUMD DOL Y ãHVWLK PHVHFLK RG SUHQHKDQMDGHORYQHJDUD]PHUMD
1HSRVUHGQLVOXåEHQLL]XP±VOXåEHQLL]XPXVWYDUMHQQDL]UHFQR]DKWHYRGHORGDMDOFDDOLQD SRGODJLSUHGKRGQHSRJRGEHPHGGHORGDMDOFHPLQGHODYFHP
3RVUHGQL VOXåEHQL L]XP ± VOXåEHQL L]XP K NDWHUHJD QDVWDQNX VR SUHWHåQR SULSRPRJOH L]NXãQMH NL VL MLK MH GHODYHF SULGRELO QD GHORYQHP PHVWX DOL VUHGVWYD NL PX MLK MH GHORGDMDOHFGDOQDUD]SRODJR
3URVWLL]XP±L]XPNLQLVOXåEHQLLQVNDWHULPGHODYHFUD]SRODJDVDPRVWRMQR
3RSROQL SUHY]HP L]XPD ± GHORGDMDOHF Y FHORWL UD]SRODJD ] L]XPRP LQ SUDYLFDPL NL L]YLUDMRL]QMHJD
'HOQLSUHY]HPL]XPD±GHORGDMDOHFOHGHOQRUD]SRODJD]L]XPRPLQSUDYLFDPLNLL]YLUDMR L]QMHJD
3UHGPHWSUDYLOQLND
6SUDYLOQLNRPVHGRORþDMRSRJRMLLQSRVWRSNL]DSUHY]HPVOXåEHQLKL]XPRYWHULQRYDFLMNLMLK XVWYDULMRGHODYFLRUJDQL]DFLMHYþDVXGHORYQHJDUD]PHUMDDOLYãHVWLKPHVHFLKRGSUHQHKDQMD GHORYQHJDUD]PHUMD]QDPHQRPY]SRGEXMDWLLQRYDWLYQRVW3UDYLOQLNQHYHOMD]DSURVWHL]XPH LQ ]D LQRYDFLMH SUL NDWHULK QDVWDQNX QLVR ELOL XSRUDEOMHQL RSUHPD PDWHULDOQD VUHGVWYD LQIUDVWUXNWXUDDOLSUHGKRGQLSDWHQWNLMHåHYODVWLRUJDQL]DFLMHDOLþHNQDVWDQNXLQRYDFLMQLVR SUHWHåQR SULSRPRJOH L]NXãQMH NL VL MLK MH GHODYHF SULGRELO Y GHORYQHP UD]PHUMX Y GDQL RUJDQL]DFLML3UDYLOQLNQHXUHMDLQRYDFLMDOLL]XPRYGHODYFHYNLVRQDVWDOLL]YHQSRGURþMDGHOD NL JD GHODYHF RSUDYOMD Y RUJDQL]DFLML 'RORþEH VH VPLVHOQR XSRUDELMR ]D UHGQR ]DSRVOHQH GHODYFHLQGHODYFHYGRSROQLOQHPGHORYQHPUD]PHUMXSULNDWHULKMHYþDVXGHORYDQMDQDVWDOD LQRYDFLMD9SRJRGELR]DSRVOLWYLVHGRORþLGROåQRVWGHODYFDGDYDUXMHSUDYLFHLQWHOHNWXDOQH ODVWQLQH=DL]XPHVHãWHMHMRLQRYDFLMHNLVHODKNR]DYDUXMHMRNRWSDWHQWLY]RUFLLQPRGHOLWHU WHKQLþQHLQGUXJHL]EROMãDYH3UDYWDNRVHSRWHPSUDYLOQLNXãWHMHMR]DL]XPHLQRYDFLMHNLVR QDVWDOH Y RUJDQL]DFLML ] ODVWQLP UD]YRMHP Y RUJDQL]DFLML LQ VR VHVWDYQL GHOL SRVDPH]QLK L]GHONRYDOLVDPRVWRMQHHQRWHNLGRVHJDMRVYRMRYUHGQRVWQDWUJX
.RPLVLMD]DLQRYDFLMH
.RPLVLMR ]D LQRYDFLMH LPHQXMH GLUHNWRU RUJDQL]DFLMH 3UHGVHGQLN NRPLVLMH MH GLUHNWRU RUJDQL]DFLMH0DQGDWþODQRYNRPLVLMHMHãWLULOHWD]PRåQRVWMRSRQRYQHJDLPHQRYDQMDýODQH NRPLVLMHLPHQXMHGLUHNWRURUJDQL]DFLMH9GHOR.RPLVLMHVRSRSRWUHELODKNRYNOMXþHQL]XQDQML VWURNRYQMDNL NL PRUDMR SUHG VHMR SRGSLVDWL L]MDYR R YDURYDQMX WDMQRVWL SRGDWNRY ýODQL .RPLVLMH LQ ]XQDQML L]YHGHQFL VR GROåQL SRGDWNH R YORJDK LQ GHOX .RPLVLMH YDURYDWL LQ MLK REUDYQDYDWLNRW]DXSQRJUDGLYR6HMH.RPLVLMHVRSRSR]LYXSUHGVHGQLNDNRPLVLMH0QHQMD .RPLVLMHVHVSUHMHPDMR]YHþLQRJODVRYYVHKþODQRY.RPLVLMH
1DORJHNRPLVLMH 1DORJH.RPLVLMHVR
REUDYQDYDSUHGODJDQHYORJHNLVRQDVORYOMHQHQD.RPLVLMRRSRGHOLWYLL]XPD VSUHMPHVNOHSRLPHQRYDQMXSRVDPH]QHJDL]XPD
VSUHMPHVNOHSRYSLVXYUHJLVWHUL]XPRY
3ULMDYDLQRYDFLMHLQL]XPD
9VLGHODYFLYRUJDQL]DFLMLãHSRVHEHMSDYRGMHUD]LVNRYDOQLKLQRUJDQL]DFLMVNLKHQRWVNXSLQLQ SURMHNWRYVRGROåQL]QDPHQRPYHþMHSUDYQH]DãþLWH]QDQMDLQVSRGEXMDQMDNRGNULYDQMXLQ ]DãþLWL QRYLK ]QDQM VYRMH VRGHODYFH UHGQR VH]QDQMDWL V SUHGQRVWPL ]DãþLWH LQWHOHNWXDOQH ODVWQLQH,]XPLWHOMLQXVWYDUMDOHFLQRYDFLMHYORåQLNPRUDRXVWYDUMHQHPL]XPXDOLLQRYDFLML NL EL JD RUJDQL]DFLMD ODKNR WUåLOD LQ EL JD ]DWR åHOHOD ]DãþLWLWL Y QDMNUDMãHP þDVX SULMDYLWL .RPLVLML 3LVQD YORJD ] GDWXPRP SULVSHWMD ] ]DSRUHGQR ãWHYLONR VH ]DYHGH NRW SUHMHWD SRãLOMND ]D .RPLVLMR 'LUHNWRU VNOLþH .RPLVLMR NL RGSUH YORJR 9 SULPHUX GD YORJD QH YVHEXMH YVHK HOHPHQWRY NL VR SRGODJD ]D QDGDOMQML SRVWRSHN .RPLVLMD RG YORåQLND SLVQR ]DKWHYDGRSROQLWHYNLPRUDELWLRSUDYOMHQDYLKGQHKRGSUHMHWMDSLVQHJDSR]LYD9ORJRMH SRWUHEQRRGGDWLYHQHPL]YRGX
9ORJD]DSULMDYRLQRYDFLMHDOLL]XPDMHSRSROQDþHYVHEXMH RSLVL]XPDVSRWUHEQRJUDILþQRGRNXPHQWDFLMRLQUHãLWYLMR
SUHJOHGGRVHGDQMHSDWHQWQH]DãþLWHL]SRGURþMDQDNDWHUHJDVHQDQDãDL]XPDOLLQRYDFLMD L]MDYR YORåQLND DOL JUH ]D QHSRVUHGQL DOL SRVUHGQL VOXåEHQL L]XP R]LURPD LQRYDFLMR
XVWYDUMHQRYGHORYQHPUD]PHUMX
SRGDWNHRYVHKL]XPLWHOMLKDOLXVWYDUMDOFLKLQRYDFLMHSRYUVWQHPUHGXXSRãWHYDMRþGHOHåH SULVSHYND]QMLKRYLPLSRGSLVL
RSLVPRåQHJDJRVSRGDUVNHJDL]NRULãþDQMDL]XPDDOLLQRYDFLMH
2EUDYQDYDYORJH
9ORJRREUDYQDYD.RPLVLMDNLYLKGQHKRGYORåLWYHYORJHSULSUDYLVWURNRYQRPQHQMHLQJD SLVQR SRVUHGXMH YORåQLNX YORJH 0QHQMH .RPLVLMH JOHGH SUHY]HPD LQ SDWHQWLUDQMD L]XPD YVHEXMH
RSUHGHOLWHYDOLJUH]DQHSRVUHGHQDOL]DSRVUHGHQVOXåEHQLL]XPDOLLQRYDFLMR
SUHYHUERþHMHL]XPSULPHUHQ]DSDWHQWQRSULMDYR]ODVWLYVHELQDSDWHQWQLK]DKWHYNRY SUHGORJ]DGRSROQLWHYYORJH
RSUHGHOLWHYDOLJUH]DSRSROQLDOLGHOQLSUHY]HPL]XPDDOLLQRYDFLMHLQ SUHGORJRYLãLQLQDJUDGHNLVHL]SODþDSRSUHY]HPXL]XPDDOLLQRYDFLMH
3UHGORJLRYLãLQLQDJUDGVRSULORJDSUDYLOQLNDYVHNDNRUSDVRPRåQDSRVDPH]QDRGVWRSDQMDLQ GRJRYRULL]YHQWHJDSUHGORJD
2GORþLWHYRSUHY]HPXL]XPD
.RPLVLMDYLKGQHKSRRGGDMLSRSROQHYORJHYORåQLNDVSUHMPHSUHGORJVNOHSDRSRGHOLWYL L]XPD 3UHGVHGQLN .RPLVLMH MH GROåHQ Y LK GQHK REYHVWLWL L]XPLWHOMD DOL XVWYDUMDOFD YORåQLNDLQRYDFLMHRRGORþLWYL.RPLVLMHýHRUJDQL]DFLMDYLKGQHKRGSULMDYHL]XPDQH SUHY]DPHODKNRL]XPLWHOMDOLXVWYDUMDOHFLQRYDFLMH]L]XPRPDOLLQRYDFLMRSURVWRUD]SRODJD 'R WUHQXWND NR RUJDQL]DFLMD SUHY]DPH VOXåEHQL L]XP QH VPH L]XPLWHOM DOL XVWYDUMDOHF LQRYDFLMHDOLNGRUNROLGUXJVWRULWLQLþHVDUNDUELNDNRUNROLSRVODEãDORVWDQMHRUJDQL]DFLMHNRW PRUHELWQHJD SUHY]HPQLND L]XPD DOL LQRYDFLMH 6 VNOHSRP R SRSROQHP SUHY]HPX
QHSRVUHGQHJD DOL SRVUHGQHJD VOXåEHQHJD L]XPD DOL LQRYDFLMH SUHLGHMR QD RUJDQL]DFLMR YVH SUDYLFHLQREYH]QRVWLL]WHJDL]XPDDOLLQRYDFLMH
3RVWRSHNSULMDYHL]XPD
9SULPHUXGDRUJDQL]DFLMDXYHOMDYLSUDYLFRSRSROQHJDSUHY]HPDQHSRVUHGQHJDDOLSRVUHGQHJD VOXåEHQHJD L]XPD MH L]XP YSLVDQ Y UHJLVWHU L]XPRY RUJDQL]DFLMH 2UJDQL]DFLMD VH ODKNR VDPRVWRMQR RGORþL DOL ER L]XP SULMDYLOR 8UDGX 56 ]D LQWHOHNWXDOQR ODVWQLQR DOL GUXJHPX SULVWRMQHPXRUJDQX]QRWUDM(8LQ]DþHORSRVWRSHN]DSRGHOLWHYSDWHQWD2UJDQL]DFLMDODKNR ]DþQH SRVWRSHN ]D SULMDYR L]XPD SUL 8UDGX 56 ]D LQWHOHNWXDOQR ODVWQLQR WXGL SUHG XYHOMDYLWYLMRSUDYLFHSUHY]HPDYSULPHUXNRREVWDMDXWHPHOMHQUD]ORJGDELELOLVNDVQHMãR SULMDYR ELVWYHQR SUL]DGHWL LQWHUHVL L]XPLWHOMHY DOL RUJDQL]DFLMH 9 SULPHUX GD RUJDQL]DFLMD ]DãþLWLSUHY]HWLVOXåEHQLL]XPOHY56LPDMRL]XPLWHOMLNOMXESUHY]HPXVOXåEHQHJDL]XPD SUDYLFR GR ]DãþLWH L]XPD QD VYRMH VWURãNH Y WXMLQL R]LURPD GUåDYDK NMHU RUJDQL]DFLMD QL ]DKWHYDODYDUVWYDVYRMLKSUDYLF2WHPVHREYHVWLL]XPLWHOMD
1DJUDGHLQQDGRPHVWLODL]XPLWHOMHP
,]XPLWHOMXSULSDGDRESUHY]HPXVOXåEHQHJDL]XPDQDJUDGDYYLãLQLSRYSUHþQHPHVHþQH QHWRSODþHY56ýHMHL]XPLWHOMHYYHþVLQDJUDGRGHOLMRSRSULSDGDMRþLKGHOHåLKNLL]KDMDMRL]
SULMDYH L]XPD 9 NROLNRU JUH ]D GHOQL SUHY]HP VH GHOHå QDJUDGH SURSRUFLRQDOQR ]PDQMãD ,]XPLWHOMLLPDMRSUDYLFRGRL]SODþLODQDGRPHVWLOD]DSUHY]HWLVOXåEHQLL]XPYYLãLQLRG GRKRGNDL]NRULãþHQMDL]XPDQSUOLFHQþQLQHSULSDGDRUJDQL]DFLML'HOHåQDGRPHVWLOD NL SULSDGD VNXSLQL L]XPLWHOMHY VH GRORþL Y VNODGX ] GHOHåL NL VR ELOL GRJRYRUMHQL Y SULMDYL L]XPD'HOHåLVHODKNRRESLVQHPVRJODVMXYVHKL]XPLWHOMHYWXGLVSUHPHQLMR.RWGRKRGHNL]
NRULãþHQMDL]XPRYSRWHPSUDYLOQLNXVHãWHMHFHORWQLSULKRGHNL]QDVORYDSRVDPH]QHJDL]XPD ]PDQMãDQ]DVWURãNHNLVRQDVWDOLY]YH]L]]DãþLWRWUåHQMHPLQYDURYDQMHPLVWHJDL]XPD9VH QDJUDGH LQ QDGRPHVWLOD L] WHJD þOHQD VH SUL GHOQHP SUHY]HPX VOXåEHQHJD L]XPD ]PDQMãDMR SURSRUFLRQDOQRGHOHåXGHOQHJDSUHY]HPD
*RVSRGDUMHQMHVVOXåEHQLPLL]XPL
2UJDQL]DFLMD MH GROåQD JRVSRGDUQR L]NRULãþDWL VOXåEHQL L]XP V SURGDMR SUDYLF GR QMHJRYH XSRUDEHL]MHPRPDWXGLQHSRVUHGQR]L]GHODYRLQSURGDMRL]GHONRYLQVWRULWHYNLYVHEXMHMR VOXåEHQLL]XP9NROLNRUGRJRVSRGDUQHJDL]NRULãþDQMDVOXåEHQHJDL]XPDQHSULGHLQMHRG SUHY]HPD SUHWHNOR åH WUL OHWD ODKNR RUJDQL]DFLMD VOXåEHQL L]XP VSRUD]XPQR SUHQHVH QD L]XPLWHOMH LQ JD REUDYQDYD NRW SURVWL L]XP þH L]XPLWHOML SRYUQHMR RUJDQL]DFLML YVH VWURãNH SULSUDYH LQ YORåLWYH SDWHQWQH SULMDYH WHU Y]GUåHYDQMD SDWHQWD 6NOHS R SUHQRVX VSUHMPH .RPLVLMD 3RVWRSHN SUHQRVD VOXåEHQHJD L]XPD QD L]XPLWHOMH VH ]DþQH V SLVQR YORJR L]XPLWHOMHY þH GR JRVSRGDUQHJD L]NRULãþDQMD V VWUDQL RUJDQL]DFLMH QL SULãOR .RPLVLMD MH GROåQDRYVHKSULMDYOMHQLKLQSUHY]HWLKL]XPLKWHUR]DãþLWLYRGLWLSRSROQRHYLGHQFRYVNODGX]
=DNRQRPRSUDYLFDKLQGXVWULMVNHODVWQLQHL]GHORYQHJDUD]PHUMD
5HJLVWHU
5HJLVWHULQRYDFLMVHYRGLYRUJDQL]DFLML9VDNDSRGHOMHQL]XPLPD]DSRUHGQRãWHYLONR9VDND ]DSRUHGQDãWHYLONDYVHEXMHQDVOHGQMHGRNXPHQWH
QD]LYL]XPD QD]LYYORåQLND
GDWXPSUHMHWHYORJHYORåQLND GDWXPREUDYQDYHYORJHYORåQLND
FHORWQRYORJRYORåQLNDRSRGHOLWYLL]XPD VNOHSH.RPLVLMH
RVWDOHGRNXPHQWHNLQDVWDQHMRYSRVWRSNX
5HãHYDQMHVSRURY
,]XPLWHOML LQ RUJDQL]DFLMD UHãXMHMR PRUHELWQH VSRUH NL EL QDVWDOL PHG SRVWRSNRP SUHY]HPD VOXåEHQLKL]XPRY]PHGVHERMQLPGRJRYDUMDQMHPLQSRUDYQDYR9SULPHUXQHUHãHQHJDVSRUD L]SUYHJDRGVWDYNDWHJDþOHQDVSRUHUHãXMHSULVWRMQRVRGLãþH
9 SRGMHWMX MH LQRYDWLYQRVW L]UHGQR SRPHPEQD 9HQGDU OH Y SULPHUX þH VR ]DSRVOHQL VH]QDQMHQL]YVHPLSRVWRSNLLQLPDMRMDVQRSUHGVWDYRNDMERGRY]DPHQRSUHMHOL%RSRGMHWMH ]QDOR QDUHGLWL VYHWRYQL SDWHQW LQ ERGR XVSHãQL SUL SODVLUDQMX QRYHJD L]GHOND QD WUJ" .DM MH WRUHMLQRYDWLYQRSRGMHWMHNDMMHPHULOR"ýHMHSRGMHWMHYSLVDQRYUHJLVWHUSRGMHWLMNLLPDMR UD]LVNRYDOQR HQRWR WR ãH QL GRYROM 3RGMHWMH EL PRUDOR VSURWL SULMDYOMDWL SDWHQWH OH WR EL SRPHQLORNRQVWDQWQRLQRYDWLYQRVW]QRWUDMSRGMHWLM3RGMHWMDELELODQDWDQDþLQYHVþDVYSHWDY ]JRGERUD]YRMDLQQHOHWHKQLþQLKL]EROMãDYNDUMHYVORYHQVNLKSRGMHWMLKQDMSRJRVWHMH
%pUXEpLQ0RKQHQ±YVYRMLUD]LVNDYLNLVWDMRRSUDYLOD]DSRGMHWMDY.DQDGL XJRWDYOMDWDXþLQNRYLWRVWSRGMHWLMNLSUHMPHMRVXEYHQFLMHLQGDYþQHRODMãDYH3RGMHWMDNLVRMLK DQDOL]LUDOLVRLPHODGHMDYQRVWY]JRMHUDVWOLQ8JRWRYLOLVRGDVRQDMXVSHãQHMãDSRGMHWMDNLVR SUHMHPDOD VXEYHQFLMH LQ GDYþQH RODMãDYH 1LåMD MH XVSHãQRVW SUL SRGMHWMLK NL VR SUHMHPDOD ]JROMGDYþQHRODMãDYH3UDYWDNRVRSRGMHWMDNLVRSUHMHPDODVXEYHQFLMHLQGDYþQHRODMãDYH YHOLNR EROM LQRYDWLYQD LPDMR YHþ SULMDYOMHQLK VYHWRYQLK SDWHQWRY LQ VR XVSHãQHMãD SUL NRPHUFLDOL]DFLMLVYRMLKLQRYDFLM