6 GRAFIKA
6.3 Analogno in digitalno
6YHWRY MH NRW MH VHP XJRWRYLOD åH Y XYRGX PQRJR 3UDY WDNR MH PQRJR LQIRUPDFLM NL VL XWUHMRSRWGRQDVSUHNRQRYLKLQQRYLKNDQDORYPLSDSRUDELPRþLVWRSUHYHþþDVD]DQMLKRYR dojemDQMH VHOHNFLRQLUDQMH LQ SRVOHGLþQR XNUHSDQMH þH VH ]JRGL YVHNDNRU ]DSRVOXMHMR QDãH XPHLQXVWYDUMDMRVYHWRYHSULþHPHUMHYHþLQDYLUWXDOQLK6RGREQDGUXåEDQDHQLVWUDQLMH]HOR GREURLQIRUPLUDQDQDVWUDQLRVHEQHJDL]NXVWYDSDVNRUDMåHRGUH]DQDRGQHposrednega stika z UHDOQRVWMR7RMHELVWYHQRþHVDUEL VHPRUDO ]DYHGDWLYVDN þODQQDãHGUXåEHNL MHSRVWDODY YHOLNL PHUL EUH]SUHGPHWQD QDYLGH]QD SRVUHGRYDQD SD YHQGDU GHOXMH ³5HDOQRVW VH MH VSUHPHQLODWDNRGDMR GRåLYOMDPRSRVUHGQRSUHNRYPHVQLNov. Druga narava, tista, v kateri QDãD GHMDQMD QLPDMR XVRGQLK SRVOHGLF MH VWRSLOD Y RVSUHGMH LQ QDV UD]EUHPHQLOD YVDNUãQH
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odgovornosti za dogajanje tam zunaj. Obvladljiva, voljna, barvita, hitra, poceni, brez vonja in RNXVDHQVDPEOHãþHþYLGH]´)UHOLK 2012: 13)
)L]LþQL LQ SRVUHGRYDQL VYHW WRUHM ³EROM NR SRVUHGRYDQR UHDOQRVW VSUHMHPDPR ]D SUDYR LQ UHVQLþQRPDQMNRQDVPRWLWHåDYQDIL]LþQRQDSRUQDL]NXãQMD]PDWHULDOQLPVYHWRPEROMVH nam zdi, da med nami in svetom ni velike razlike in nenaporno rokovanje z videzom sveta se QDP GR]GHYD NRW UHVQLþQR GHORYDQMH ³ YVH VH ]GL PRJRþH ³2EVWDMDMR VLFHU ]RSUQH PDMKQH SRGUREQRVWLNRWQSUUD]OLNDPHGµVWYDUQDUHGLWL¶LQµVWYDUYLGHWL¶DQDMGHPRXVSHãQHVWUDWHJLMH ]DSUHPRãþDQMHWHKSRþL´)UHOLK15-18)
3RVOHGLFDåLYOMHQMDYGLJLWDOQLKVYHWRYLKMHWRGDVHWLIDVFLQDQWQRUD]YLMDMRLQQXGLMRYHGQR YHþEROMHKLWUHMHLQQXGLMRQHSUHJOHGQRPQRåLFRWHKQLþQRJHQHULUDQLKSRGRE7HVRDOLSDVH zaradi stalne prisotnosti zdijo zelo podobne naravnim. TakRMHPQRåLþQRL]GHORYDQMHWHKQLþQR generiranih podob spremenilo dojemanje narave in tudi umetnosti.
Frelih (2012: 11- JRYRUL R SUREOHPDWLþQHP QHL]EHåQHP YVHSULVRWQHP YPHVQLNX NL RWHåXMH GRVWRS GR QDUDYH ³NHU VH SRMDYOMD NRW QMHQ SRSROQ SRVQHWHN LQdaje videz, da v SRSROQRVWL QDGRPHãþD VWLN ] QMR´ GR XPHWQRVWL SD ]DWR ³NHU VH SR SRWUHEL UD]JODãXMH ]D XPHWQRVW VDPR R]LURPD WLVWR SUDYR XPHWQRVW VRGREQHJD þDVD NL YVH ]QDþLOQRVWL WHJD þDVD XVSHXMHWLQDMEROMH]DWRNHUVRGREQRVWSDþ]D]QDPXMHMRVRGREQHWHKQRORJLMH´9HOMDSRXGDULWL GDVHMHSRGURþMHOLNRYQHXPHWQRVWLYWHPþDVXLQQDWDQDþLQPRþQRUD]ãLULOR³1DUDYDQLYHþ FHOD]DWRLãþHPRQMHQRSUYRSUDYRSUHGQLFRWDNRGDVHMLSRVNXãDPRSULEOLåDWLVNR]LOLNRYQH znake. A tisto, kar nastane, je... GUXJDQDUDYD´,VNDQMHREOLNNLELELOHSRYH]DYHPHGSUYRLQ GUXJR QDUDYR GDMH ]DQLPLYH UH]XOWDWH VWYDUL VR QD SUYL SRJOHG ]HOR SRGREQH D QH þLVWR 6LPXODFLMHVLWXDFLMLQXVWYDUMDQMHQRYHJDYUHDOQRVWLVLFHUQLPDMRYHGQRXþLQNXMRþLKSRVOHGLF Pristopov NXVWYDUMDQMXMHPQRJRYVDNDYWRUVLL]EHUHWLVWHJDVNDWHULPODåMHGRVHåHåHOHQR åHOMD SR HNVSHULPHQWLUDQMX SD åHQH OLNRYQH UD]LVNRYDOFH ãH GOMH ± da se ne prepustijo OHåHUQRVWL åH RGNULWHJD GD SRVNXVLMR QHNDM QRYHJD 7R QRYR MH ELOR SUHG QHNDM GHVHWOetji GLJLWDOQR 7HKQRORJLMD MH SRVWDMD GRVWRSQHMãD URNRYDQMH ] QMR SD SULMD]QR ]DWR VH MH YHGQR YHþ DYWRUMHY RGORþLOR ]D LQWHJUDFLMR REHK SRORY L]NXãHQM Y VYRMH GHOR ³7DNR WUDGLFLMD naslikane slike postane merilo za standarde digitaliziranih podob, digitalna slika pa stopi v IXQNFLMR µPRWLYD¶ NL MH YUHGHQ XSRGRELWYH VDM QDP SRVWDMD EOLåML NRW RULJLQDOHQ PRWLY
=GUXåHYDQMH LQ SUHKDMDQMH QL ODKNR VDM QDYLGH]QD SRGREQRVW SUHGVWDYOMD SDVW Y NDWHUR VH XMDPHMRQHSRXþHQLJOHGDOFLLQFHORVQRYDOFL´)UHOih 2012: 23)
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8VWYDUMDQMH WUDGLFLRQDOQR SURWL QRYLP PHGLMHP 8VWYDUMDQMH VH ãH YHGQR QDMSUHM GRJDMD Y JODYLPHGLMLVROHRURGMDSRPDJDODSODWIRUPH9]DGQMLKOHWLKVPRSULþDVRELYDQMXREHKYUVW WUDGLFLRQDOQLKLQQRYLKPHGLMHY³NLYPHGVHERMQLKVUHþDQMLKSXãþDMRQRYHYUVWHVOHGLLQUHGDY XPHWQRVWL3ULVHJDQMHQDHQRDOLGUXJRSRGURþMHXVWYDUMDOFHGHOLLQRSUHGHOLWXGLQMLKRYSRJOHG QDSRGURþMHOLNRYQHJD´)UHOLK8VWYDUMDOFHLQWLVWHNL]QMLPLGHODMR ± v primeru LOXVWUDFLMHVRWR]DORåQLNL
0DORMHVRGREQLKVOLNDQLFNLVRRSUHPOMHQH]LOXVWUDFLMDPLQDVWDOLPL]JROMYNODVLþQLKURþQLK JUDILþQLKWHKQLNDKþHSDåHJUHYJODYQHP]DWHKQLNHJORERNHJDWLVNDMHGNDQLFDVXKDLJOD kombinacije grafike in risanja in slikanja. Tem so se v zadnjih OHWLKSULGUXåLOHGDQHVQHVDPR VNRUDMQHL]RJLEQDDPSDNYQHNHPVHJPHQWXåHVNRUDMQHSRJUHãOMLYDGLJLWDOQDJUDILNDWRUHMV SRPRþMRUDþXQDOQLNDSUHGUXJDþHQRDOLFHORYUDþXQDOQLNXVSRPRþMRJUDILþQLKSURJUDPLLQ digitalnih orodij (smart pen) ustvarjenih URþQLK GHO 5DþXQDOQLN MH Y OHWLK XSRUDEH SRVWDO SRSROQRPDOHJLWLPQRVUHGVWYRXVWYDUMDQMDVþDVRPDSDVHMHL]VUHGVWYDþXGHQMDLQSRVOHGLþQH SUHNRPHUQH XSRUDEH RþLVWLO QD ]JROM RURGMH NRW GRGDQD YUHGQRVW 9 WXMLQL YUHGQRVW WHJD åH dolgo priznavajo, pri naVSDVH]DORåQLNLOHSRþDVL VSUHMHPDMR GUXJQDþLQ UD]PLãOMDQMDLQ VH QDMYHþNUDW ãH YHGQR GUåLMR SUHYHUMHQH NODVLNH GLJLWDOQR LQ L] URþQH ULVEH L]SHOMDQR GLJLWDOL]LUDQRLOXVWUDFLMRSDLPDMRWXGL]DUDGLRGVRWQRVWLµRULJLQDOD¶YVDM]DSRWUHEHVOLNDQLF za manjvredno.
.DNãQD PHULOD ODKNR XSRUDELPR Y SULPHUX NR MH WUDGLFLRQDOQR EROM SR]QDQR LQ ]DWR VSRãWRYDQRãHYHGQRWUDGLFLRQDOQR"3DPHWQLLQSUDNWLþQLELUHNOLPHGQMLPLWXGL³/HRQDUGRY 7UDNWDWX´- WDNR)UHOLKGDWLSULSRPRþNLQHQDUHGLMRXPHWQLNDPDUYHþµWLVWHPXNL ]QD¶SULKUDQLMRPQRJRGUDJRFHQHJDþDVD7HKQRORãNDSUHSURVWRVWLQ QMHQHL]UD]QHPRåQRVWL QLVRQXMQRSRYH]DQH]HQRVWDYQRVWMRUHãHYDQMDOLNRYQLKSUREOHPRYNDMãHOHGDEL]JROM]DUDGL njihove uporabe ustvarjanje pridobilo na kvaliteti. To bi verjetno lahko potrdili tudi evropski VHYHUQMDãNLQDURGLNLVRVLFHURGOLþQLYYVHK]YUVWHKREOLNRYDQMDYNOMXþQR]JUDILþQLPVYRMR HVWHWLNRLQXSRUDERUDþXQDOQLNDSDVRSUHQHVOLWXGLQDRWURãNROLWHUDWXURLQVOLNDQLFH
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6.4 *UDILþQLPHGLMYNQMLåQHPPHGLMXJUDILNDLQNQMLJD
,OXVWUDFLMRµYDNFLML¶GDQHV]DVOHGLPRYUD]OLþQLKSXEOLNDFLMDKNQMLJDKUHYLMDKþDVRSLVLKLQY RJODãHYDQMX1MHQQDPHQMHQMHQDUHSURGXNFLMDµ2ULJLQDOQHLOXVWUDFLMH¶VRHQNUDWQDDYWRUMHYD dela s podobnimi karakteristikami kot druge sorodne umetnine, predvsem slike, in so neponovljive. Potem ko so natisnjene v knjigah imajo tudi uporabno vrednost.
=UHSURGXNFLMRLOXVWUDFLMDSUDYQLþQHL]JXELNDMWLSUDYWHPXMHQDPHQMHQD5RGLODVHMH]DWD namen, ki ga mora izpolniti WXGLIL]LþQRELWLUHSURGXFLUDQDGDELGRVHJODJOHGDOFHQHVDPR LGHRORãNR GD EL GRSROQLOD LQ QDGJUDGLOD SRPHQ VYRMHJD EHVHGLOD 1HNDWHUL VH V WHP QH EL VWULQMDOL³.UQLQMHQDDYUD´ELUHNHO%HQMDPLQ%HQMDPLQ-151) in pri tem mislil na þDV LQ PRåQRVW WHKQLþQH UHSURGXNFLMH XPHWQLQH NDMWL ³FHOR SUL QDMSRSROQHMãL UHSURGXNFLML QHNDMRGSDGHµWXNDM¶LQµ]GDM¶XPHWQLQHQMHQDHQNUDWQDELYDMRþQRVWQDPHVWXNMHUMH´
=DQLPLYR EL ELOR YSUDãDQMH DYUH SUL JUDILNL NL MH Y RVQRYL UHSURGXNWLYQD SDQRJD ki bi v SULPHUXþHELELODL]YHGHQDNRWLOXVWUDFLMDLQREMDYOMHQDYNQMLJLGYDNUDWUHSURGXFLUDQDSUYLþ EL VLFHU ODKNR LPHOD VWDWXV RULJLQDOD 'HMVWYR MH GD MH NODVLþQD XPHWQLãND JUDILND GDQHV OH UHGNR QDUHMHQD LQ XSRUDEOMHQD NRW LOXVWUDFLMD ãH SRVHEej po drugi svetovni vojni in s WHKQRORãNLK UD]YRMHP LQ NDNRYRVWMR WLVND MH QDPUHþ QD WHP SRGURþMX SUHYODGDOR VOLNDUVWYR 9Hþ VWROHWLM HGLQD WHKQRORãND PRåQRVW SUHM MH YHOMDOR ]JRGRYLQD JUDILNH MH KNUDWL WXGL zgodovina ilustracije) je v dobrega pol stoleWMD RGãOD Y ]JRGRYLQR XPHWQLãNR JUDILNR SD ]DVOHGLPROHãHQDUD]VWDYDKVRGREQHXPHWQRVWLSDãHWRQHSUDYSRJRVWR
5RþQR UD]OLþLFR SUDYH JUDILNH MH ]DPHQMDOD GLJLWDOQD NDMWL UDþXQDOQLN MH L]UHGQR PRþQR RURGMH V ãWHYLOQLPL PRåQRVWPL WUDQVIRUPDFLM- åH SUHSURVWD ULVED V VYLQþQLNRP DOL FHOR digitalno risanje- QDUDYQRVWYUDþXQDOQLNODKNR]EODJRPDQLSXODFLMRSRVWDQHGU]QDNUHDFLMD LQWRY]HORNUDWNHPþDVX=DUDGLWRYUVWQLKPDQLSXODFLMLQNRPELQDFLMUD]OLþQLKHOHPHQWRYLQ þDVRYQLKSDUDPHWURYNODVLþQDURþQDXPHWQLãNDJUDILNDWXGLWXQDSRGURþMXLOXVWUDFLMHQLYHþ NRQNXUHQþQD þHSUDY ]QD ELWL Y VYRML XPHWQRVWQL ELWL UDYQR ]DWR ]DQLPLYD LQ SRVHEQD 'D PDWHULDORY LQ RURGLM LQ WHKQLþQHJD LQ SUDNWLþQHJD ]QDQMD ]D XVWYDUMDQMH RULJLQDOQH JUDILNH sploh ne omenjam...
7XGL JUDILþQR REOLNRYDQMH MH Y GREL UDþXQDOQLNRY PDUVLNDM SULGRELOR ýH VR QD ]DþHWNX EHVHGLORUH]OMDOLYOHVHQHSORãþHLQJDRGWLVNRYDOLVNXSDM]OHVRUH]QLPLLOXVWUDFLMDPLLQVWDVH
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NDVQHMH WD GYD GHOD ORþLOD WHU VR VH þUNH Y ]DGQML ID]L REVWRMD URþQHJD WLVND åH YVWDYOMDOH samostojno, je digitalizacija tudi tukaj prinesla korenite spremembe- UDþXQDOQLãNDSULSUDYD]D WLVN MH ELOD ELVWYHQR SUHSURVWHMãD LQ XþLQNRYLWHMãD ]D XSRUDER ] YHþMR PRåQRVWMR QDG]RUD UD]OLþQLK SDUDPHWURY 1DMQRYHMãD ID]D GLJLWDOQHJD WLVND MH SRSUDYLOD ãH WR QDG þHPHU VR VH KXGRYDOL PDQMãL ]DORåQLNL LQ NDU MH SULQHVHO R]NR GLIHUHQFLUDQ VYHW V ãWHYLOQLPL UD]OLþQLPL zanimanji- PDMKQH QDNODGH 6OLãL VH ILQR SD MH UHV" -H WR ãH HQD WHKQLþQD L]EROMãDYD DOL ]DþHWHNNRQFD"3ULKDMD QRSULãODMHåHGLJLWDOQDNQMLJD$OLNRWMHY]NOLNQLO.LQURVV
³âHYHGQRNQMLJH"9GRELHOHNWURQVNHJDSUHQRVDWHNVWDLQVOLNQD]DVORQLK"´
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