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6]WRPSND RSR]DUMD GD VR SRVDPH]QL VHJPHQWL PRGHUQLK GUXŀE SRVWDOL QHMDVQL ]DEULVDQL QHSUHJOHGQL ]D ÏODQH WHK GUXŀE .RPSOHNVQRVW }LQVWLWXFLM RUJDQL]DFLM LQ WHKQRORģNLK VLVWHPRY WHU SRYHÏDQD JOREDOQRVW njihovega delovanja jih navadnim ljudem, velikokrat tudi strokovnjakom, GHOD VNRUDM QHUD]XPOMLYHm 6]WRPSND 3ROHJ WHJD XWHPHOMXMH 6]WRPSNDYGUXŀELQDUDģÏDWDDQRQLPQRVWLQEUH]RVHEQRVWWLVWLKRGNDWHULK sta odvisna naša blaginja in naš obstoj.
Za posameznike populacije na obrobju to lahko pomeni, da imajo UD]PHURPDRPHMHQGRVWRSGRGUXŀEHQLKYLURYQDSULPHUGRL]REUDŀHYDQMD ]GUDYVWYHQLKVWRULWHYVWDQRYDQMGRKRGNDSURVWRÏDVQLKGHMDYQRVWLLQGHOD .DJDQHWDOȂ
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9ÏODQNX}'HOR]OMXGPLNLMLKPDUJLQDOL]LUDGUXŀEHQLVLVWHPL]]LYL]DVNXSQRVWQRSVLKRORģNR GHORm MH GHȴQLFLMD GUXŀEHQH REUREQRVWL SRY]HWD SR /HRQDUGX LQ RSUHGHOMHQD NRW QHNDMNDUMH]XQDM}JODYQHJDWRNDSURGXNWLYQHDNWLYQRVWLLQDOLGUXŀEHQHUHSURGXNWLYQHDNWLYQRVWL (being outside the mainstream of productive activity and/or social reproductive activity)« (ibid., 9VNODGXVWDNRRSUHGHOLWYLMRVRGLWDVHPGYHVNXSLQLOMXGLWLVWLNLVRSURVWRYROMQRQDREUREMX GUXŀEHQHXUHGLWYHLQWLVWLNLQLVR
134
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'UXŀEHQD NRKH]LYQRVW YHOMD ]D }GUXŀEH NL VR LQWHJULUDQH LQNOX]LYQH LQ VROLGDUQHm$GDPHWDOEO3ROHJWHJDVRWRGUXŀEHNMHUVHNRKH]LYQRVW NDŀHYSRYH]DQRVWLD]}YORJRVRFLDOQHGUŀDYHNLSUHSUHÏXMHSUHYHOLNR GUXŀEHQRQHHQDNRVWLQVWHPL]NOMXÏHQRVWEVÏLPQLŀMRVWRSQMRGUXŀEHQH anomijeNLVHL]UDŀDYSRMDYLKNRWVRNULPLQDOLWHWDRGYLVQRVWRGGURJLQ DONRKROD VDPRPRULOQRVW LWQ F ] UD]YLWRVWMR FLYLOQH GUXŀEH NL RPRJRÏD GHMDYQRVRXGHOHŀERYQHYODGQLKRUJDQL]DFLMDKLQVROLGDUQRVWLQÏ]REVWRMHP QHIRUPDOQLK RPUHŀLM ERGLVL QD SULMDWHOMVNL NROHJLDOQL DOL VRVHGVNL SRGODJL Y NDWHUD VR YSHWL SRVDPH]QLNL LQ NL MLP RPRJRÏDMR REÏXWHN SULSDGQRVWL LQ HPRWLYQR YDUQRVWm 9ORJD VRFLDOQH GUŀDYH LQ DQRPLÏQL SRMDYL R]LURPD njihovo obvladovanje imajo po mnenju Adama in sodelavcev osrednjo YORJR}PHGWHPNRVOHGQMLGYHFLYLOQDGUXŀEDQHIRUPDOQDRPUHŀMDODKNR VPDWUDPR NRW GRGDWQL SRMDVQMHYDOQL NRPSRQHQWL GUXŀEHQH NRKH]LYQRVWL Obenem pa se ti dve komponenti prepletata oziroma prekrivata s pojmom socialnega kapitala. V bistvu to pomeni, da sta kohezivnost in socialni kapital GYHPHGVHERMWHVQRSRYH]DQLYHQGDUSDQHLGHQWLÏQLNDWHJRULMLm 9 6ORYHQLML MH VRFLDOQL NDSLWDO QL]HN ΖJOLÏ SUDY WDNR WXGL UDYHQ PHGRVHEQHJD]DXSDQMD=DXSDQMHNRWJDRSUHGHOMXMH6]WRPSND MH NRW VWDYD R SULKRGQMLK QDNOMXÏQLK GHMDQMLK LQ NRW VWUDWHJLMD ]D VRRÏDQMH s prihodnostjo, ki je zunaj našega nadzora. Ker je zunaj našega nadzora, moramo zaupati drugim, da bo ta del prihodnosti tak, kot mislimo, GD PRUD ELWL LQ Y QDģR NRULVW %HJXģ =DXSDQMH GD }ERGR GUXJL
KWWSZZZVORYHQLMDMXWULJRYVLȴOHDGPLQXUHGQLNGRNXPHQWLGNRKSGI
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135 DQRQLPQLSUHGVWDYQLNLGHORYDOLYQDģRNRULVWmŀHSRVHJDY]XQDMGUXŀLQVNR
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RAZPRAVA
9UD]LVNDYLL]OHWDMH+ΖJOLÏȂXJRWRYLODGDVRVHJOHGHQD VWRSQMRPHGVHERMQHJD]DXSDQMDLQVRFLDOQHJDNDSLWDODL]REOLNRYDOHWULYHÏMH VNXSLQHHYURSVNLKGUŀDYSULÏHPHUL]SRVWDYOMDGYHVNXSLQL0HGGUŀDYDPL NMHUMHVWRSQMD]DXSDQMDYLVRNDVRVNDQGLQDYVNHPHGWLVWLPLNMHUMH nizka in je nizek tudi socialni kapital, so vzhodnoevropske – med njimi je WXGL6ORYHQLMD7XVWRSQMD]DXSDQMDQHSUHVHJD3RGDWNLJOHGH6ORYHQLMH LQ UDYQL GUXŀEHQHJD ]DXSDQMD VH WXGL OHW SR]QHMH QLVR SRPHPEQR spremenili.
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PIAAC – Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (Program za mednarodno ocenjevanje kompetenc odraslih).
136
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137 9 NUDWNHP SRURÏLOX R ]DXSDQMX LQIRUPDFLMVNL SRREODģÏHQNL L] OHWD
DYWRUMLSUHGVWDYOMDMRSRGDWNHUD]LVNDYH3ROLWEDURPHWUD7XVRDQNHWLUDQFL ocenjevali zaupanje v:
• evro,
• LQIRUPDFLMVNRSRREODģÏHQNR,
• vojsko,
• predsednika republike,
• YDUXKLQMRÏORYHNRYLKSUDYLF
• šolstvo,
• policijo,
• NRPLVLMR]DSUHSUHÏHYDQMHNRUXSFLMH
• banko Slovenije,
• medije,
• (YURSVNRVNXSQRVW
• zdravstvo,
• predsednika/predsednico vlade,
• XVWDYQRVRGLģÏH
• FHUNHYLQGXKRYģÏLQR
• sindikate,
• VRGLģÏD
• vlado in
• SROLWLÏQHVWUDQNH
Raziskovalci so zaupanje merili na petstopenjski lestvici od »Sploh ne ]DXSDPm GR }3RYVHP ]DXSDPm ÎH VH RPHMLPR OH QD LQVWLWXFLMH GUŀDYHLQQMHQHSUHGVWDYQLNHNDŀHMRL]LGLQDMYHÏMH]DXSDQMHYLQIRUPDFLMVNR SRREODģÏHQNRLQYRMVNR6OHGL]DXSDQMHYSUHGVHGQLND UHSXEOLNH YDUXKLQMR ÏORYHNRYLK SUDYLF ģROVWYR LQSROLFLMRÏHQDYHGHPROHQDMYLģMHYUHGQRVWL$QNHWLUDQFLQLVR ]DXSDOL SROLWLÏQLP VWUDQNDP FHUNYL LQ GXKRYģÏLQL VRGLģÏHPYODGLLQGUŀDYQHPX]ERUX3RURÏLORȐ JUDI
6SRURÏLOR]DMDYQRVWREMDYOMHQRQDVWUDQHKΖQWHJULWHWHMXOLMDUD]NULYD da je zaupanje ljudi v sistem in delovanje politike majhno. Avtorji posebej RSR]DUMDMR QD NRUXSFLMR ]D NDWHUR YSUDģDQL PHQLMR GD MH MH QDMYHÏ Y SROLWLÏQLKVWUDQNDK.RWVRQDSLVDOL}UH]XOWDWLMDYQHJDPQHQMDNDŀHMRVOLNR QH]DXSDQMDOMXGLYMDYQHLQVWLWXFLMHLQYODGRm=DXSDQMHȐ
'UXĿEHQR]DXSDQMHY6ORYHQLML
ÎHSUDYJRYRULPRRGUXŀEHQHPX]DXSDQMXY6ORYHQLMLSULND]XMHPRSRGDWNH SULPHUMDOQR3ROHJ6ORYHQLMHVPRXSRUDELOLSRGDWNHģHRVPLKGUŀDYÎHģNH )LQVNH 1HPÏLMH ΖUVNH ΖWDOLMH 3ROMVNH 1RUYHģNH ĢSDQLMH LQ 6ORYHQLMH 5D]ORJL]DWDNL]ERUVRUD]OLÏQL7RVRVRVHGQMHGUŀDYHΖWDOLMDDOLGUŀDYHV NDWHULPL6ORYHQLMDYHOLNRWUJXMH1HPÏLMDΖWDOLMDGUŀDYHSRNDWHULKVHUDGL
7DNUDWMHELODWR1DWDģD3LUF0XVDU
138
]JOHGXMHPRNRUD]PLģOMDPRRL]REUDŀHYDOQLKVLVWHPLK)LQVND1RUYHģNDDOL pa tiste, ki imajo veliko posluha za ranljive skupine (Irska).
3ULUD]LVNRYDQMXVPRL]KDMDOLL]SRGPHQHGDOMXGMHNLVRPDQML]REUDŀHQL PDQM]DXSDMRYGUXJHR]LURPDGDYHÏMHģWHYLORL]REUDŀHQLKYGUXŀELSRPHQL YHÏMHPHGVHERMQR]DXSDQMHLQSRVOHGLÏQRWXGLYHÏMH]DXSDQMHYLQVWLWXFLMH GUŀDYH 'HVMDUGLQV ΖJOLÏ 5DYHQ ]DXSDQMD Y GUXŀER LQ QMHQH institucije smo analizirali na podlagi trditev: »Ljudje kot jaz nimajo nobene EHVHGHSULWHPNDUSRÏQHYODGDm}=DXSDWLMHPRJRÏHOHSHģÏLFLOMXGLmLQ}ÎH QLVLSUHYLGHQWHOMXGMHL]NRULVWLMRm2(&'DMHYSRURÏLOXRVSUHWQRVWLK RGUDVOLKRSUHGHOLOģWLULSRGURÏMDSRVDPH]QLNRYHJDGREUHJDSRÏXWMDWRVR SROLWLÏQDXÏLQNRYLWRVWDOLREÏXWHNYSOLYDQDSROLWLÏQHSURFHVHRG]LYQDWUGLWYH }/MXGMHNRWMD]QLPDMRQREHQHJDYSOLYDQDWRNDUSRÏQHYODGDmVWRSQMD ]DXSDQMDYGUXJHRG]LYQDWUGLWYH}=DXSDWLMHPRJRÏHOHSHģÏLFLOMXGLmLQ }ÎHQLVLSUHYLGHQWHOMXGMHL]NRULVWLMRmVRGHORYDQMHY]GUXŀHQMLKLQGUXģWYLK ȂYHUVNLKSROLWLÏQLKGREURGHOQLKYSUDģDQMHRRSUDYOMDQMXSURVWRYROMVNHJD dela) in samoocena lastnega zdravja (vprašanje o tem, kako anketiranci RFHQMXMHMRVYRMH]GUDYMH2(&'D
3R SRGDWNLK (YURSVNHJD GUXŀEHQHJD SUHJOHGD (XURSHDQ 6RFLDO 6XUYH\ Ȃ (66NLMLK]ELUDMRYVDNLGYHOHWLLQVNDWHULPLPHGGUXJLPVSUHPOMDMRWXGL VWRSQMRGUXŀEHQHJD]DXSDQMDY(YURSVNHLQORNDOQHQDFLRQDOQHLQVWLWXFLMH SROLWLÏQH PRÏL MH ELOD OHWD VWRSQMD ]DXSDQMD Y SUDYQH LQ SROLWLÏQH LQVWLWXFLMH YHÏMD Y VNDQGLQDYVNLK GUŀDYDK NRW Y ĢSDQLML ÏHSUDY VH MH Y SULPHUMDYL V VWDQMHP SUHG NUL]R OHWD ]PDQMģDOD 'UXŀEHQR ]DXSDQMH VHMHYSULPHUMDYLVVWDQMHPSUHGNUL]R]PDQMģDORWXGLY6ORYHQLML1HPÏLMH SD VNRUDM QL SUL]DGHOR .RW QDYDMDMR 5RGHULFN HW DO MH ]DXSDQMH SRYH]DQR]GUXŀEHQLPR]DGMHPLQVHVSUHPLQMDVNXSDM]QMLP
1DVOHGQMD VOLND SULND]XMH NDM OMXGMH PHQLMR R VYRMHP YSOLYX QD SROLWLÏQH LQVWLWXFLMH Y WHP SULPHUX QD YODGR 3R PQHQMX 2(&' MH VWULQMDQMH DOL nestrinjanje s trditvami na postavljeno vprašanje kazalnik individualne SROLWLÏQHXÏLQNRYLWRVWLDQNHWLUDQLK
=D SULND] LQGLYLGXDOQH SROLWLÏQH XÏLQNRYLWRVWL VDPRRFHQD VH MH 2(&' RGORÏLO GD SRNDŀH RGJRYRUHQDWUGLWHY}/MXGMHNRWMD]QLPDMRQREHQHJDYSOLYDQDWRNDUSRÏQHYODGDmNHUVHMHWDN QDÏLQL]ND]DO]DXÏLQNRYLWHJDWXGLYGUXJLKUD]LVNDYDKQSU(XURSHDQ6RFLDO6XUYH\
/HWDNRMHELODDQDOL]DREMDYOMHQDSRGDWNL]DOHWRģHQLVRELOLREGHODQLÎHSUDY MHYDQDOL]LRFHQDQDOHVWYLFLRGGRODKNRSRGDWNHSULPHUMDPR9LU3DSDLRDQQRX(
7UXVWLQJLQ(XURSH+RZLQFUHDVHGVRFLDOFDSLWDOFDQFRQWULEXWHWRHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW&(6
139
62.5
30.8
43.5
58.2
70.3
34.3
48.5
61.1
74.9
21.2 46.8
24.7 27.7
17.6 49.4
36.2
23.4
12.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
e ka Finska Nem ija Irska Italija Norve ka Poljska panija Slovenija Nizko Visoko
9LU2(&'DE
3RGDWNL3Ζ$$&L]OHWDNDŀHMRGDYHÏNRWSRORYLFDYSUDģDQLKL]L]EUDQLK GUŀDYRGGRQH]DXSDYODGLVDMPHQLGDQHPRUHMRYSOLYDWLQD QMHQDGHMDQMD9ΖWDOLMLPHQLWDNRDQNHWLUDQLKQDÎHģNHPĢSDQLML LQY6ORYHQLMLQDΖUVNHP6HģWHOLVPRRGJRYRUH}=HORVHVWULQMDPm LQ }6WULQMDP VHm 9 SUHRVWDOLK ģWLULK SULPHUMDQLK GUŀDYDK VH QL]ND VWRSQMD ]DXSDQMDJLEOMHPHGQD)LQVNHPLQQD3ROMVNHP1HPÏLMD 1RUYHģND
5HODWLYQR YLVRND VWRSQMD ]DXSDQMD MH ]DEHOHŀHQD QD 1RUYHģNHP LQ )LQVNHP1D3ROMVNHPGREUDWUHWMLQDDQNHWLUDQLKPHQLGDODKNR YSOLYDQDWRNDMGHODYODGDOHRNROLSHWLQDDOLPDQMYSUDģDQLKL]ΖUVNH 1HPÏLMHĢSDQLMHÎHģNHLQΖWDOLMHVHSULGUXŀXMH WHPX PQHQMX Y 6ORYHQLML SD OH PDOR YHÏ NRW YVDN GHVHWL DQNHWLUDQHF
=L]MHPR1RUYHģNHLQ)LQVNHPHGDQNHWLUDQLPLSUHYODGXMH nezaupanje v to, da lahko vplivajo na delo vlade, oziroma dvomijo o tem, da VRODKNRJOHGHWHJDXÏLQNRYLWLNRWGUŀDYOMDQL
96ORYHQLMLMHSRWHNDODUD]LVNDYDRGDSULODGRPDUFD9QDGDOMHYDQMXERPR XSRUDEOMDOLOHWQLFRNRWOHWQLFRGRNRQÏDQMDDQNHWLUDQMD
Slika 13:/MXGMHNRWMD]QLPDMRQREHQHJDYSOLYDQDWRNDUSRÏQHYODGDȂY
140 ģH YHGQR PDMKQR *OHGH QD GREOMHQH YUHGQRVWL EL ODKNR WUGLOL GD PHG DQNHWLUDQLPLSUHYODGXMHQH]DXSDQMHȂWXGLPHGGRVOHMEROMRSWLPLVWLÏQLPD
73.6 67.7 74.6
7.1
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e ka Finska Nem ija Irska Italija Norve ka Poljska panija Slovenija Nizko Visoko
141 2 WHP GD WH OMXGMH ODKNR L]NRULVWLMR ÏH QLVL SUHYLGHQ MH SUHSULÏDQLK
DQNHWLUDQLK QD ÎHģNHP 3ROMVNHP WHU QHNDM PDQM Y 6ORYHQLML LQ ΖWDOLML 3UHYLGQRVW Y PHGRVHEQLK RGQRVLK MH SUHFHM YHOLND WXGL PHG YSUDģDQLPLΖUFLĢSDQFLLQ1HPFL%ROMģHL]NXģQMH]OMXGPL LPDMRDQNHWLUDQL)LQFLLQ1RUYHŀDQLVDMOHDQNHWLUDQLK)LQFHYLQ 1RUYHŀDQRYSULWUMXMHWUGLWYLGDWHOMXGMHODKNRL]NRULVWLMRÏHQLVLSUHYLGHQ 3RGREHQRG]LYMHWXGLYHYURSVNLDQDOL]L(XURSHDQ6RFLDO6XUYH\Ȃ SUHJOHGQLFD % PHG GUŀDYDPL ] YLVRNLPL SULKRGNL ÏHSUDY MH RFHQMHYDOQD OHVWYLFDQHNROLNRGUXJDÏQD. Najvišje stopnje zaupanja, da jih ljudje ne bodo L]NRULVWLOLVRYVNDQGLQDYVNLKGUŀDYDKRFHQDYHÏNRWÎHģND1HPÏLMDLQ ĢSDQLMDVRQHNMHYVUHGLQLRFHQDRNROLDOLPDORYHÏY6ORYHQLMLΖWDOLMLLQQD 3ROMVNHPSDQHPRUHPRJRYRULWLRYLVRNLVWRSQML]DXSDQMDRFHQDȂ
2FHQDQDOHVWYLFLRGGR
Slika 16:'LPHQ]LMHGUXŀEHQHJD]DXSDQMDȂY
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Zelo se strinjam Sploh se ne strinjam Finska 1HPÏLMD
ÎHģND Irska Italija 1RUYHģND Poljska Španija Slovenija
Ljudje kot sem jaz nimajo nobene
besede pri tem, kar po ne vlada Zaupati je mogo e le pe ici ljudi e nisi previden, te ljudje izkoristijo
9LU2(&'DE
142
6OLND SUHGVWDYOMD WUL GLPHQ]LMH GUXŀEHQHJD ]DXSDQMD }/MXGMH NRW VHP MD] QLPDMR QREHQHJD YSOLYD QD WR NDU SRÏQH YODGDm }=DXSDWL MH PRJRÏH OH SHģÏLFL OMXGLm LQ }ÎH QLVL SUHYLGHQ WH OMXGMH L]NRULVWLMRm L]SXģÏHQR MH delovanje v prostovoljskem sektorju. V predstavitvi prikazujemo le skrajnosti YRGJRYRULKNLVHMLKYHÏLQDOMXGLQDYDGQRRJLED}=HORVHVWULQMDPm}6SORK VHQHVWULQMDPmVDMVHYDQNHWDKUDMHRGORÏD]DVUHGQMHSRWL}6WULQMDPVHm }1H VWULQMDP VHm 6OLND NDŀH SUDY]DSUDY YLVRNH VWRSQMH QH]DXSDQMD Y YODGRWHUYSOLYSRVDPH]QLNDQDQMRSDWXGLYOMXGLNDUMHVÏORYHģNHJD]RUQHJD NRWD ŀDORVWQR 9 YVHK GUŀDYDK WXGLY VNDQGLQDYVNLKMH QH]DXSDQMHYHOLNR RGJRYRU}=HORVHVWULQMDPm*OHGHWHJDQDMEROML]VWRSDMRΖWDOLMDĢSDQLMDLQ 6ORYHQLMDNLL]ND]XMHMRQDMYLģMHYUHGQRVWLYRGJRYRULK9WHKGUŀDYDKVNRUDM vsak drugi in tretji vprašani menita, da ne moreta vplivati na vlado in tudi QH]DXSDWDOMXGHP6WDQMHMHSRGREQRQDÎHģNHPY1HPÏLMLLQQDΖUVNHP Zaupanje vprašanih v to, da lahko vplivajo na to, kar dela vlada, in zaupajo OMXGHPQLYLVRNR1DMYLģMHMHQD1RUYHģNHPLQ)LQVNHPNLVHYPDUVLÏHP UD]OLNXMHWDRGGUXJLKGUŀDY
SKLEP
1D SRGODJL DQDOL]H SRGDWNRY NOMXE YVHPX ODKNR LGHQWLȴFLUDPR GHMDYQLNH NLYSOLYDMRQDGUXŀEHQR]DXSDQMH1L]NRGUXŀEHQR]DXSDQMHMHSRYH]DQRV VWRSQMRL]REUD]EHLQMHQDMQLŀMHSULDQNHWLUDQFLKNLLPDMRRVQRYQRģRORDOL SDWXGLWHQH1L]NRMHSULEUH]SRVHOQLKLQRVHEDK]QL]NLPL]DVOXŀNLQDMQLŀML NYLQWLO DOL VR EUH] GRKRGNRY SD WXGL SUL WLVWLK NL VH QLVR QLNROL XGHOHŀLOL prostovoljskega dela, ter osebah, ki menijo, da je njihovo zdravje slabo.
1DYHGHQH]QDÏLOQRVWLȂSUHGYVHPQL]NDVWRSQMDL]REUD]EHEUH]SRVHOQRVWLQ QL]NLGRKRGNLȂXYUģÏDMRWHOMXGLYUDQOMLYHVNXSLQHNLMLPMHWUHEDQDPHQLWL posebno pozornost.
9LVRNR GUXŀEHQR ]DXSDQMH MH SRYH]DQR ] YLVRNR L]REUD]EHQR VWRSQMR PDJLVWHULM GRNWRUDW V SODÏDQLP GHORP LQ ]DSRVOLWYLMR YLVRNLPL ]DVOXŀNL XÏHQMHPQDGHORYQHPPHVWXWHU]HORGREULPLQRGOLÏQLP]GUDYMHP
9 SRURÏLOX R SUYLK L]VOHGNLK UD]LVNDYH R VSUHWQRVWLK LQ NRPSHWHQFDK RGUDVOLK2(&'DMHXJRWRYOMHQRGDERGRYYVHKVRGHOXMRÏLKGUŀDYDK posamezniki, pri katerih je stopnja pismenosti in reševanja problemov QLŀMDEROMNRWYVLGUXJLSRURÏDOLRVODEHP]GUDYMXQHERGRVRGHORYDOLSUL SURVWRYROMVNLK GHMDYQRVWLK LQ ERGR SUHSULÏDQL GD QH PRUHMR YSOLYDWL QD SROLWLÏQHSURFHVHYVYRMLGUŀDYL.RWQDYDMDMRYSRURÏLOXMH]DDQNHWLUDQFH]
QLŀMLPLGRVHŀNL]QDÏLOQDWXGL}QLŀMDVWRSQMD]DXSDQMDYGUXJHm2(&'D
9 2(&' D VR RSUHGHOLOL ģWLUL UD]VHŀQRVWL GREUHJD SRÏXWMD WR VR VWRSQMD ]DXSDQMD Y GUXJH SROLWLÏQD XÏLQNRYLWRVW DOL REÏXWHN YSOLYD QD SROLWLÏQHSURFHVHVRGHORYDQMHYGUXģWYLKLQ]GUXŀHQMLKYHUVNLKSROLWLÏQLK GREURGHOQLKLQVDPRRFHQDODVWQHJD]GUDYMD2(&'DXJRWDYOMDGDVR QL]NHVWRSQMHSLVPHQRVWLSRYH]DQH]QL]NRVWRSQMRGREUHJDSRÏXWMDYVNRUDM YVHKGUŀDYDKNLVRVRGHORYDOHSULUD]LVNDYL7RYHOMDWXGL]DGUŀDYHNLVPR MLKDQDOL]LUDOLYQDģLUD]LVNDYLÏHSUDYVPRMLKYWHPGHOXUD]ÏOHQLOLOHVVWDOLģÏD
143 GUXŀEHQHJD]DXSDQMDÎHGRGDPRNWHPXģHQL]NHVWRSQMHSLVPHQRVWLSUYD
VWRSQMDDOLPDQMVHDQDOL]DSRWUGL2(&'DJUDI/'DMH WDNR WXGL Y 6ORYHQLML SRWUMXMH ģWXGLMD 2(&' R 6ORYHQLML 2(&' E v kateri je ugotovljeno, da imajo ljudje z visoko stopnjo pismenosti višjo VWRSQMR]DXSDQMDWULNUDWYLģMRNRWOMXGMH]QLŀMR9SULPHUMDYLVSRYSUHÏMHP 2(&' YSUDģDQL ] YLVRNR VWRSQMR SLVPHQRVWL GYDNUDW EROM NRW WLVWL ] QLŀMR PHQLMRGDODKNRYSOLYDMRQDWRNDUSRÏQHYODGD7LWXGLSRJRVWHMHVRGHOXMHMR v prostovoljskih dejavnostih kot ljudje z nizko stopnjo pismenosti.
144
145